英语现在分词的用法?

一、现在分词的两个基本特点.
1.在时间上表示动作正在进行.例如：a developing country.一个发展中的国家,boiling water 沸水,rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳.（试比较：a developed country 一个发达国家,boiled water 白开水,risen sun 升起的太阳）
2.在语态上表示主动.例如：the ruling class 统治阶级,the exploiting class 剥削阶级.（试比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级,the exploited class 被剥削阶级）
二、掌握现在分词的基本功能.
1.现在分词作定语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征,此时可换成相应的定语从句.例如：
① There was a terrible noise ___________ the sudden burst of light.(MET 1989)
A.followed B.following
C.to be followed D.being followed
分析：B .表示主动的动作,句意是：雷声跟着闪电.此处的 following ＝ which followed .
② He saw a ________ bird and raised his bow.
A.fly B.flying
C.flew D.to be flying
分析：B .表示正在进行的动作,句意是：正在飞的鸟.此处的 a flying bird ＝ a bird which was flying .
③ I was satisfied with the _________ speech.
A.excite B.exciting
C.excited D.be excited
分析：B .表示被修饰词 speech 的性质和特征,此处的 the exciting speech ＝ the speech that/which was exciting .
2.现在分词作状语时,可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性.例如：
① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,____________ that he had enjoyed his stay here.(NMET 1994)
A.having added B.to add
C.adding D.added
分析：C .句意：来访的大臣表示了对谈判的满意,同时又补充说道他呆在这里很愉快.adding 作伴随状语,表示主动的动作.所以应用现在分词作伴随状语.
② European football is played in more than 80 countries,__________ it the most popular sport in the world.(NMET 1998)
A.making B.makes
C.made D.to make
分析：A .句意：欧式足球在 80 多个国家开展,其结果是它使欧式足球成为世界上最受欢迎的体育运动.making 是现在分词作结果状语.
③ ________ from the top of the hill,we can find that the city looks more beautiful.
A.Seeing B.Seen
C.Saw D.To be seeing
分析：A .Seeing 是逻辑主语就是主句的主语 we ,表示正在进行的主动动作.
3.现在分词作补足语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.例如：
① Soon they could see the steam _________ from the wet clothes.
A.rise B.rising