What is marine geology?

什么是海洋地质学?
海洋地质是研究被海水覆盖的那部分地壳,包括海床、洋底及海岸的地貌、海底表层沉积物、岩石地质构造、地质历史以及各种海洋地质作用和海底矿产的科学.海洋占地球总面积70．8％,并有丰富的自然资源.因此,海洋地质学在国民经济和地质科学中均占有重要的地位,是探讨地球的发生、发展、物质组成、结构,构造的重要领域.近年来,许多国家从地球物理、构造地质、地貌、地层及沉积学、地球化学等方面,广泛开展海洋调查及研究工作.由于采用了现代科学技术成果,譬如航磁、海洋重磁、遥感、深潜、深海钻探、深海电视和照相、水声、激光及计算机等技术,为地质科学提供了丰富的资料,随之出现了“海底扩张”,“板块构造”,及“古海洋学”等新的地质理论.我国海洋地质调查研究工作为港口建设、水下工程设置、国防、航海、渔业以及海底矿产资源调查等,提供了大量资料产生了重大的经济与社会效益.
What is Marine Geology?
Geology is the study of the Earth. This scientific study includes how the Earth was formed, how the Earth has changed since it was formed, that materials that make up the earth, and understanding the processes that act on it. Marine Geology focuses these studies in areas affected by our oceans. These are the deep ocean floor, the shallower slopes and shelves that surround the continents, and especially the coasts which include beaches, estuaries, rivers, and large lakes.
We study rocks to learn about the materials that make up our Earth. The distribution and properties of these rocks give clues as to how they got there and the processes involved. Why study these things? The materials that we take out of the earth (oil, gas, metals, and other minerals) are vital to our way of life. Understanding where and how much of these resources we have is important in planning our future. Earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, and hurricanes affect many of us at any moment. Understanding these processes will help to prepare for these events.