求英语作文常用过渡词 出彩的句子等等 现在25分作文一般只能拿17分.

四C标准

准确用词关系到表达的正确和地道,一般而言涉及四个“C”：
第一个“C”为connotation(内涵),它比meaning(意义)更为深入.例如,discount的意思为“折扣”,但英语中“30%discount”指原价100元现在卖70元；而汉语中“三折”指原价100元现在卖30元.汉语表达的很多意思在英语中没有完全对应的说法,但可以尽量找接近的,以提高表达的“精确度”.《新东方英语》2004年第1期29页一篇讲词汇知识的文章说“有时候会犯些小错(mistake),有时候会闹大笑话(blunder)”,其实blunder是强调错误的“严重”和“非故意”,howler才和“大笑话”对应.
第二个“C”为collocation(搭配).它除了影响地道性(如big rain不如heavy rain地道),还与词义有关,例如apply与for和to搭配时意思分别为“申请”和“运用”.须注意的是entitle若和to搭配意思就不是通常的“冠名,命名”,而是“拥有某种权利、地位、荣誉等”.“be entitled to”的用法首先出现于1995年研究生入学考试第25题,2003年上海高考第53题“再现”时答对率仅11%(显然其中还有许多是猜对的).
第三个“C”为contest(上下文).上下文会影响词的意义,笔者曾讨论过不同上下文中词义截然相反的情况(本报2003.10.3).当然,广义的contest还包括场合.例如,“生意兴隆通四海,财源茂盛达三江”可以简单地表达为“Far and wide trade booms；here andthere money comes”,但在正式场合译为“Home and abroad business thrives；hither and thither profit arrives”更好,因为这样用词较为庄重和古雅(hither and thither是here and there在古英语中的说法).
第四个“C”为culture(文化),这需要考虑使用不同语言的人的思维方式、风俗习惯和可能的心理反应等因素.例如,东西方对狗的情感态度不同,狗在西方并不像在东方一样可鄙.英语中“dog-eat-dog”并不像汉语中“狗咬狗”一样带有鄙夷甚至幸灾乐祸的感情色彩,而是强调残酷甚至有点痛惜.这一差异在英译汉的时候尤其应该重视.口译时若把“as faithful as a dog”译为“像狗一样忠实”很容易引起东方人的反感,活译为“像老黄牛一样忠诚”则效果会好得多.又如,海燕(storm petrel)在中、俄两国是进步和新锐力量的象征,但在西方经济界则指引起恐慌和震荡的人或事物,因此可以视具体情况用pioneer,vanguard,gazelle或bellwether等词替代.
(文/华东师大 窦东友 材料工程博士,英语教育博士后）

（1）bad egg坏蛋,歹徒.
Trust him nothing；he is a bad egg.别信他,他是个坏蛋.
（2）crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪,假慈悲.
Don't weep crocodile tears with his misfortune. I know you have always detested him and are only too happy to see him get into trouble.别假惺惺地为他的不幸难过了,我知道你一直讨厌他,看到他倒霉,心里可高兴哩!
（3）cry wolf呼喊“狼来了”,发假情报.
That politician cries wolf in every speech he makes.那个政治家在他的每篇演说中都发假警报.
（4） （that is） easier said than done说起来容易做起来难.
Easier said than done,let's pay more attention to practice.
说起来容易做起来难,让我们多注意些实践吧!
（5）fish in troubled waters混水摸鱼,乘人之危.
He's always been good at fishing in troubled waters; he made a lot of money by buying houses that were bombed in the war.他总是善于乘人之危大捞一把,他靠购买在战争中遭过轰炸的房屋而赚了大量的钱财.
（6）fish out of water离水之鱼,不得其所.
She felt like a fish of water at the evening party because she knew no one. 她在晚会上感到很局促,因为她一个人也不认识.
（7）gives someone an inch and he will take an ell得寸进尺.
If you give those people an inch,they'll take an ell；we told them they might use our side path to reach their garden,now they have fenced in the path so that we cannot use it ourselves.那些人就是得寸进尺；我们对他们说,他们可以经过我们的小道进他们的花园,现在他们已在小道上修起了篱笆,以致我们自己也无法走这条小路过去了.
（8）go west上西天,死,失败.
Poor John was one of those who went west in the explosion.可怜的约翰是在这次爆炸中魂归西天的人物之一.
（9）in a word一句话,简而言之
I have no time to tell you the whole story, in a word, they become hostile to each other.我没时间把全部经过告诉你,一句话,他们相互成了仇敌.
（10）lose face丢脸；失面子.
Certain country often loses face in regard to its relations with small weak countries on account of its dirty tricks某个国家在与弱小国家交往中因其使用卑鄙手段而总是丢脸.
（11）odds and ends零零碎碎.
What shall we do with all those odds and ends?我们用那些残余的东西可做什么呢?
（12）play with fire玩火,作无谓而危险的事.
He who plays with fire gets burned．玩火者必*.
（13）strike while the iron is hot趁热打铁.
Father is in a good mood at the moment．Strike while the iron is hot and ask him to let you go to the circus.这时父亲的情绪很好,乘此机会求他让你去看马戏.
（14）there’s no smoke without fire无火不冒烟；无风不起浪.
The story is all over the town. It is being spread by someone or by some people. There's no smoke without fire.这个传说遍及全城,有人或有些人还在散布.真是无火不冒烟.
（15）a thorn in the flesh （side）肉中刺；棘手的事,不断使某人烦恼的根源.
（l6）The memory of this act will be a thorn in the flesh for the rest of your life,my boy.这种行动会使你不断引起回忆.使你终生烦恼,我的朋友.