形容词 副词的比较级用法

形容词、副词的比较级的用法既是该类语法的重点也是难点.研读历届高考题不难发现,高考对形容词和副词比较级的用法的考查涉及到了多个方面.为了便于同学们学习,下面笔者就其用法的一些重要结构作一归纳并附以练习,以期同学们对此能熟练掌握.

　　1.“as+adj/adv+as或not so(as)+adj/adv+as.”句型.该句型常用来描述两个比较对象的程度上的相似或不同(即平时说的“等级比较和不等级比较”).例如：
　　My computer is not so(as) expensive as yours.我的电脑不如你的贵重.
　　2.“as many/few+可数名词复数+as”或“as much/little(少的)+不可数名词+as”.前者描述数目上的接近,后者描述量的相近.例如：
　　You may borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少书就借多少.
　　“Drink as much water as you can.”the doctor said to him.医生对他说到：“你要尽可能的多喝些水.”
　　3.“主语+比较级+than any other…”结构表示：主语所描述的事物比其他任何一个都……比较级形式表示*含义.例如：
　　Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class.李明是他们班中最聪明的学生.
　　注意：若比较范围不同,than后应用“any+可数名词的复数形式+其他”.例如：
　　China is larger that any countries in Africa.中国比非洲上的任何国家都大.
　　4.诸如not,never之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用,表示*含义.意为：再没有比…更…的了.例如：
　　It is not a better idea.这是再好不过的一个办法了.
　　I have never heard such an interesting story.我从来没有听过比这更有趣的故事了.
　　5.“形容词+to”结构也可表示比较含义.例如：
　　This kind of car is superior in quality to that.这种汽车的质量比那一种好得多(superior to意为：优于；胜过.)
　　Li ping is three years senior to Liu Gang.李平比刘刚大三岁.(senior to意为：年长于；资格老于；地位高于.)
　　6.“no+比较级+than”结构表示对两个比较对象都进行否定(可由neither…nor…结构来改写).例如：
　　I’m no more foolish than you.我们俩都不傻.(相当于Neither I nor you is foolish.)
　　7.“not more+比较级+than”结构表示在程度上前者不如后者.例如：
　　This book is not more interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣.(相当于The book is less interesting than that one.)
　　8.“形容词比较级+than+形容词”,意为：与其…倒不如….例如：
　　Jack is much harder than clever.与其说杰克聪明,倒不如说他学习用功.
　　9.would rather…than, prefer…to…, prefer to do…rather than…这三个句型表示“宁愿…而不愿…；喜欢…胜过…；宁愿做…而不愿做…”含义.虽无比较级形式,但表示比较级含义.例如：
　　She would rather die than give in.她宁死不屈.
　　He preferred to go out rather than stay home.他宁愿出去也不愿呆在家里.
　　10.“The+比较级…,the+比较级…”.该结构意为“越…,越…”.例如：
　　The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.问题越难,他回答出来的可能性就越小.
　　11.what有时也可以表示“比较”关系,说明两种事物的相同或相似性.what的该种用法常用于书面语,用来加强修辞效果,含有比喻含义,相当于as,意为“好比…；正如…；就像…一样”.what的该类用法共有3种情况：
　　(1)A is to B what C is to D
　　Twelve is two what twenty-four is to four.十二比二就等于二十四比四.
　　(2)what C is to D, A is to B
　　What food is to the body, a book is to the mind.书籍对于思想犹如食物对于身体.
　　(3)what C is to D, that A is to B
　　What the gun is to a soldier, that the pen is to a writer.作家的笔犹如战士的枪.
　　[巩固练习]请选出符合题意的最佳选项.
　　1.How beautiful she sings! I have never heard____.(NMET96)
　　A.the better voice B. a good voice C. the better voice D. a better voice
　　2.----Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?
　　-----I couldn’t agree ______.The idea is great to me.(2000年北京、安徽、内蒙古春季高考题)
　　A.much B. more C. worse D. at all
　　3.The____you study, the _____you’ll be in it.(MET90)
　　A.hard; interested B. harder; interesting C. harder; more interested D. hardest; more interested
　　4.As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you lean,____(2002上海)
　　A. the more for life are you equipped
　　B.the more equipped for life you are
　　C.the more life you are equipped for
　　D.you are equipped the more for life
　　5.The patient isn’t out of danger. He is _____ than he was yesterday.(96上海题)
　　A.no better B. worst C. not worse D. not more
　　6.Liu Fang studies much better than ____ student in his class.
　　A.any B. any other C. the other D. other
　　7.This year the farmers have produced twice __ grain___ they did last year.(NMET95)
　　A.As less; as B. fewer; than C. as much; as D. as many; as
　　8.In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the farther we go, ____(2001上海)
　　A.our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be better C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be
　　9.---Are you satisfied with his answer?
　　---Not at all. It couldn’t have been___.
　　A.Any better B. worse C. as good D. bad
　　10. Is the novel similar ___ you?
　　A.for B. at C. as D. to
　　11. Rather than ___ to see the film he would prefer ____ stayed at home.
　　A.go; to B. to go C. went; to D. would go
　　12.---What was his performance like?
　　---Oh, it couldn’t have been_____(96上海题)
　　A.much wonderful B. more wonderful C. less wonderful D. the most wonderful
　　13. John plays football____, if not better than David.(NMET94)
　　A.as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
　　14. Reading is ____ him is ____to his life.
　　A.for; what B. as; like C. to; what D. at; as
　　15. This room is ____ much larger than that one.
　　A.no B. not a C. no a D. as
　　KEY:
　　1.D 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.D 11. A 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.A