1、2 mmol NH3吸收在50mL 4% H3BO3溶液中,已知:(1)计算有百分之几的氨以NH 形式存在?(2)溶液的pH

问题描述:

1、2 mmol NH3吸收在50mL 4% H3BO3溶液中,已知:(1)计算有百分之几的氨以NH 形式存在?(2)溶液的pH

4% H3BO3 溶液中,H3BO3 含量很低,所以溶液的密度近似为水的密度,则此溶液中H3BO3 的物质的量为:
. n(H3BO3) = V·ρ·% / M(H3BO3) = 50 ×1 × 4% ÷ 61.8 = 0.032mol = 32 mmol
查表得:K(NH4+) = 5.6×10^-10,K(H3BO3) = 5.7×10^-10
(1) NH3 + H3BO3 + H2O = NH4+ + B(OH)4-
起始n/mol 2 32
平衡n/mol 2−x 32−x x x
. K = [B(OH)4-]·[NH4+] / [NH3]·[H3BO3]
. = {[B(OH)4-]·[H+] / [H3BO3]}·{[NH4+] / [NH3]·[H+]}
. = K(H3BO3)·(1 / K(NH4+) = 5.6×10^-10)
. = 5.8×10^-10 ÷ 5.7×10^-10 = 1.02
即:
. x^2 / (2−x)(32−x) = 1.02
(注:此处应为浓度比,但由于计量系数均为1,所以浓度比即为物质的量的比)
解得: x = 1.9 (mmol)
则 NH4+ 所占百分数为:(1.9 / 2) × 100% = 95%
95%的氨以NH4+形式存在
(2)K(NH4+) = [NH3]·[H+] / [NH4+] = 5.7×10^-10
. [H+] = 5.7×10^-10 × [NH4+] / [NH3] = 5.7×10^-10 × 95 / 5 = 1.06×10^-7
∴ pH = 7.97

4% H3BO3 溶液中,H3BO3 含量很低,所以溶液的密度近似为水的密度,则此溶液中H3BO3 的物质的量为:
n(H3BO3) = V·ρ·% / M(H3BO3) = 50 ×1 × 4% ÷ 61.8 = 0.032mol = 32 mmol
查表得:K(NH4+) = 5.6×10^-10;K(H3BO3) = 5.7×10^-10
(1) NH3 + H3BO3 + H2O = NH4+ + B(OH)4-
起始n/mol 2 32
平衡n/mol 2−x 32−x x x.
K = [B(OH)4-]·[NH4+] / [NH3]·[H3BO3]
= {[B(OH)4-]·[H+] / [H3BO3]}·{[NH4+] / [NH3]·[H+]}
= K(H3BO3)·(1 / K(NH4+)
= 5.6×10^-10)
= 5.8×10^-10 ÷ 5.7×10^-10
= 1.02
即:.x^2 / (2−x)(32−x) = 1.02 (注:此处应为浓度比,但由于计量系数均为1,所以浓度比即为物质的量的比)
解得:x = 1.9 (mmol)
则 NH4+ 所占百分数为:(1.9 / 2) × 100% = 95%
95%的氨以NH4+形式存在
(2)K(NH4+) = [NH3]·[H+] / [NH4+] = 5.7×10^-10
[H+] = 5.7×10^-10 × [NH4+] / [NH3] = 5.7×10^-10 × 95 / 5 = 1.06×10^-7
∴ pH = 7.97