英语翻译all the members of the tribes knew what was required of them by life long familiarity with the task of the area

问题描述:

英语翻译
all the members of the tribes knew what was required of them by life long familiarity with the task of the area

所有的部落成员都知道在这个地方生活一辈子、劳作一辈子对他们的适应能力有怎样的要求.
tribe 部落.
familiarity 是 familiar 这个形容词的名词形式.熟悉程度,适应程度,达尔文所说的“适应环境”.be familiar with 是习惯搭配,所以 familiarity with blablabla.就是对blablabla的适应程度.
task ,名词的释义第2项是.a difficult or tedious undertaking.困难艰巨的事情.任务.我翻译为劳作.
what was required of them by life long familiarity with the task of the area
= what of them was required by (...) familiarity (...) 他们自身的哪些东西是被“熟悉程度/适应性”所要求的,(由于“熟悉程度/适应能力”提出了要求而必须具备的)
至于为什么是那个familiarity“熟悉程度/适应能力”对原始人来说是很高要求,因为这个familiarity 是对于the task of the area,这个地儿的重重挑战向原始人提出了要求,而且这是一个一辈子的事情life long (名词作副词形容long 漫长的)+ familiarity,不断受挑战,不断适应,适应就是familiarity.
那么,原始人所了解的就是这些what is required by a familiarity.
all the members of the tribes是主语
knew是谓语
what was .of the area是宾语
在这个宾语从句中:what 是被动式形式主语
was required 是谓语
by life long familiarity with the task of the area是谓语的实际主语.be+动词过去分词+by+主语 被动结构