补语与宾语补足语的的关系于区别

一、
宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的,e.g I have guests coming(coming在这里就是宾语补足语,跟在宾语guests 后面,此句的谓语是Have).宾语补足语可以是动词不定式,不定式短语,动名词短语,现在分词.
比如说：
I'm going to paint it pink.
句子中的it显然是宾语.但是主语将要做的并不是it,而是paint it pink.pink 是句子中的宾语补足语.它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是执行了paint的动作.
句子中的pink是形容词做宾语补足语.能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有：不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等.一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后.
比如：
I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补）
I saw the kite up and down.（up and down是副词做宾补）
Tom made the girl cry.(cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式）
*常跟复合宾语的动词有：call,name,make,think,find,leave,keep,nominate(任命),choose,elect(选举),define(定义),regard,see,recognize,treat,take,consider,look up,refer to,accept,acknowledge,describe,depict(描述),represent(表现出),declare(宣称),denounce,employ(雇佣),use,show,organize,express
二、
补语是来进一步说明主语和宾语的.
1）主语的补语
它用在系动词后,是句子的一个基本成分.常用主－系－表结构.
1.I saw her with them,at least,I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起,至少,至少我认为是她.（her做宾 语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语）
2..-- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶?
-- Me.--我.（me做主语补语= It's me.）
3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.（she做主语补语）
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她.
2）宾语的补语
1.不定式(to do)
Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍.
We believe him to be guilty.我们相信他是有罪的.
We made him copy the sentence.
He is made to copy the sentence.
I felt my hands tremble.
2.名词
At the meeting we elected him monitor.
I think your brother a clever boy.
3.形容词
What you said made Xiao Wang angry.
I found the classroom empty
4.副词
Please call the students back at once.
He was seen to take his cap off.
5.现在分词
We hear him singing in the hall.
I found him lying in bed,sleeping.
6.过去分词
He saw his face reflected in the water.
I heard it spoken of in the next room.