伴随状语从句,含义,用法,例子?

伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生,它的特点是：它所表达的动 作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的.
例如：
①He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报.
②All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题.
伴随状语的判断
The dog entered the room, following his master.一般在分词短语 （现在分词表主动 过去表被动）前有逗号的是伴随状语.
伴随状语出现的条件
由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态, 或 同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态.
伴随状语的逻辑主语
一般情况下必须是全句的生语,伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的.
伴随状语可以有以下几种表示方法：
一、使用分词形式 The dog entered the room, following his master(这条狗跟着主人进了屋). The master entered the room, followed by his dog(主人进了屋,后面跟着 他的狗).
二、用 with 复合结构 The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red(小女孩 们在玩雪,手都冻红了). The workers went out of work, talking and laughing all the way(工人们下 班了,一路有说有笑).
三、用独立主格结构 Last year I came here by climbing over the wall, sword in hand. The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day(这小孩每天去上学,那条小狗陪伴着他).
四、用形容词 Crusoe went home, full of fear(克鲁索满怀恐惧地回家). Confident of the victory the players are fighting hard(运动员们对比赛夺胜 满怀信心奋力拼搏). The match will be broadcast live(这场比赛将作实况转播). He left home young and came back old(他少小离家老大回).
五、用名词 He went away a beggar but retuned a millionaire(他讨吃要饭离家,腰缠 万贯回归). He who had been twice prime minister of the country, died civilian(他曾两 度出任这个国家的总理,而死的时候却是一个平民).
六、用介词短语 The girl came back to her mother in tears.(这女孩眼泪汪汪地回到母亲身 边). How can you go to the wedding party in rags(你怎能衣衫褴褛地去参加婚 宴)? I went home out of breath(我上气不接下气地回家).
with 复合结构做伴随状语：
由“with ＋宾语＋宾补”构成的复合结构,在句中可作状语,表示伴 随.这一结构中的宾语补足语可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副 词或介词短语等来充当.
例如： 1．With production up by 60％,the company has had another excellent year．产量增涨了 60％,公司又是一个盈利年. 2．He soon fell asleep with the candle still burning．蜡烛还亮着,他很 快就睡着了. 3． She sat there alone with her eyes filled with tears． 他独自一人坐在那 儿,眼里充满了泪水.

独立主格结构做伴随状语：
独立主格结构是由一个名词或代词（作为该短语结构的逻辑主语） , 加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语（作为该短语 结构的逻辑谓语）构成.该从属结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状 语从句.故独立主格结构也可做伴随状语.
例如： 1．Mr.．Smith flew to New York this morning,his assistant to join him there this Saturday．今天早上史密斯先生坐飞机去了美国,他的秘书 星期六和他在那儿见面. 2．He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head．他躺在 草地上,头枕双手. 3．He stood on the deck,pipe in mouth．他站在甲板上,嘴里叼着烟 斗.
分词短语做伴随状语：
现在分词短语和过去分词短语都可以做伴随状语, 现在分词短语表示 与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系,即表主动意义；而过去分词短语 则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系,即被动意义.
例如： 1．“Can't you read?”Mary said angrily pointing to the notice．玛丽生气 地指着通知说：“难道你不识字吗?” 2．He sent me an e-mail hoping to get further information．他给我发了 一封电子邮件,希望得到更多信息. 3．He hurried to the hall,followed by two guards．他匆忙进了大厅, 后面跟着两个警卫.
形容词短语做伴随状语：
形容词短语做伴随状语时,通常表状态.
例如： 1．Full of apologies,the manager approached us．经理向我们走来, 嘴里不停地说着抱歉的话. 2．He was too excited,unable to say a word．他太激动了,一句话也 说不出来. 3．He stared at the footprint,full of fear．他盯着脚印,满心恐惧.
单个形容词做伴随状语：
单个形容词做伴随状语也表示状态,不表动作.
例如： 1．He sat there,silent．他一声不响地坐在那儿. 2．Breathless,she rushed in throughthe back door．穿过后门,他气喘 吁吁地冲了进来. 3．He went to bed,coldand hungry．他又冷又饿地上床睡觉了其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种,伴随是一种方式.大多情况下 其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句. 只有在 just) as…so…结构中位于句首, 这时 as 从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体
伴随状语的特点是：
它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生 或存在的 1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别. 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主 动与被动关系的区别. 1）现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系 是主动关系. ）过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的 关系是被动关系.
比如 The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing 就是个例子 过去分词,现在分词 都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的 事情 这个句子 老师进入了教室,他是拿着本书进入教室的,在他进入教室的时 候他的手中有一本书（相伴）知道意思了吧.
做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随 状语.
一般的无非又几种情况：
过去分词表示一种完成了的 或者是被动意义的动作 分词作状语（关键找逻辑主语）
a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语 1 以及原因状语 2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.
b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room,weeping（crying ）bitterly. (但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考 虑逻辑主语,看作为独立成分) C.difference between "being done"&"done" 1）being done---->"又被动,又进行” 2）done------->“又被动,又完成” 1）,2）均可作原因状语从句,而且更倾向于“done”,因为简单 eg.(being) deeply moved, she couldn't help crying. 但作条件(a),伴随状语只能用(b)2）,不能用 1） eg.(a)Once seen, it can't be forgotten./If asked so many questions, Mary's face will turn red. (b)she watched all the gifts ,greatly amazed.(=she watched all the gifts, and was greatly amazed 在一般句中：v1,and v2/ v1,v2,and v3) 结论： 当发现所要填非谓语为被动时, 能用"done"就用"done"(除了有先后顺序(用 (having done/having been done),详见 D) D.having done1)/having been done2)作状语时,分词的动作先于谓语动词 eg.1)Having handed in the paper, he left the room.(分词逻辑主语与主语相同, 用 having done) 2)Having been given a map, we found our way easily.(分词逻辑主语与主语不 同,是别人给的,用 having been done)