英语中的分词是什么

分词分为：过去分词和现在分词.即动词加-ed或-ing
过去分词,可用作表示过去发生的动作,如：I wrote a letter.我写过一封信
现在分词,可用作表示现在正在发生的动作,如：I am writing a letter.我正在写一封信
另外,两种分词可以用作状语或引导状语从句,如：
Giving the money back to him,I feel happy,我把钱还给他,我感觉高兴
Given the money back to me,I feel happy.把钱给我（我被给）,我感到高兴
现在分词的基本功能. 1. 现在分词作定语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征,此时可换成相应的定语从句.例如： ① There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light. ② He saw a flying bird and raised his bow. ③ I was satisfied with the exciting speech. 2. 现在分词作状语时,可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性.例如： ① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here. ② European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. ③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful. 3. 现在分词作补足语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.例如： ① Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes. ② The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 4. 现在分词的独立主格结构作状语.例如： ① With his lips still trembling, he couldn't say a word. ②“ Mama! ” he cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. “妈妈!”他突然哭着喊,泪水从他的脸上流下来.（这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 tears rolling down his cheeks 作状语.） ③ Weather permitting, we'll go to the Great wall. 如果天气允许的话,我们就去长城.（这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 Weather permitting 作状语.