the power of language演讲稿

　　As we all know, the development of language is one of the most intuitionistic performance process. A process is a new things. People in the process of communication with other nationalities, unceasingly will pass some of the new words. These words came in, often several aspects of meaning: the surface is show new things, new knowledge. As we now here with the microphone, "the microphone" is a new thing in China, foreign things without the original, you must use this word to describe it, it defined. So in the table below, and further level, is a kind of new knowledge. People under the microphone, why speak voice so big? Now sound, light, electricity prosperity to tell people how knowledge into electromagnetic waves, etc., it is a kind of new knowledge. Further, under the new things, new knowledge, and a more profound impact level, is a kind of new thoughts, new concepts, new value system, using modern words that new discourse system, which is more important! Incidentally, "" is the earliest, microphone, then switch to" receiver ", "the microphone" has almost from our language, but now more and more people began to use "the microphone," developed "headset," "promise", etc. Similarly, the bus "is a kind of car, and have been," bus ", "van" instead, but now he's "back", "coach", "round", "battier", and has established "the city bus company". From this kind of transliterated disappear to reproduce, if have deep into the social background behind.
　　For example, some new: the introduction of modern "science" and "democracy" etc, the meaning from the traditional Chinese, is completely different words. We know, for example, the word "party" in Chinese traditional Chinese also have, but that is a very negative meanings, until today that negative meanings in language also entities, as we say "remains a gentleman does not commit one party", "buddies", "etc. However, the party in the word from foreign modem, after a considerable changes in Chinese traditional Chinese "party" the meaning of words. The word "party" has become almost entirely of modern political meaning of a word, in China's social influence. And if the employment, employee, the working class, labor sacred these words of modern China, politics, to inspire people to participate in social activities are plays very important role.
　　I also say the word "revolution" in "revolution", because of this word is represented a drastic change of Chinese modern society is a burner.
　　Liang qichao in 1902 specially written "interpretation", this article: he said "Revolution" of Chinese Revolution and the additional English contains two meanings: according to an additional is what some improvement, and improvement, such as British 1832 Revolution is actually additional. Revolution and the meaning is like a wheel, one thing is turned upside down, for example, the French Revolution is the 1789 Revolution. Liang qichao was in Japan, Japanese up these two words were translated into reform and innovation and revolution. The Japanese borrowed in Chinese, the word "revolution", but the Chinese revolution is mentioned in the yi dynasty, to name a new dynasty overthrew an old dynasty, so not modern revolution. In 1904, liang qichao and wrote the study of history of Chinese revolution, he put the revolution, a revolution in three levels, the broad and narrow generalized three levels: the generalized revolution refers to all society intangible thing tangible of big change, whether the concept, material, or a system of fundamental changes, Revolution means the generalized times by means of violence in a new era, an era replaced, The narrow revolution refers to the special forces to overthrow the government.
　　Now already is a "revolution" common word, but just introduced to China, people don't understand, so what is the meaning of this word of liang qichao made many explain revolution.
　　Just a few examples, the introduction of new, in fact, is a kind of new things, new things contains new knowledge, new knowledge under a new concept, breeds new value system, the new system. These new ideas, new words system will lead to social changes. Now our language "party" and the traditional "party" completely different, "revolution" and "traditional", "ShangWu soup revolution" revolution "of the revolution is totally different. Introducing new human interaction, in the process, the different language always in the mutual influence.
　　大家知道,语言的发展最直观的表现之一就是新名词的产生.一种新名词就表示一个新的事物.人们在和别的民族交往过程中,不断会传递一些新的词汇.这些新词传进来以后,往往有几个层面的意义：最表层的就是表现新事物、新知识.比如我们现在在这里用麦克风,“麦克风”就是一种外来的新事物,中国原来没有这种事物,你必须用这个新词描绘它,给它进行定义.那么在这个表层面之下,还有进一步的意义,就是一种新的知识.人在麦克风之下说话为什么声音这么大?现在声、光、电繁荣知识告诉人们声波怎么转化成电磁波等等,这是一种新的知识.再进一步说,在这种新事物、新知识之下,还有一个层面影响更深远,就是一种新的思想、新的观念、新的价值体系,用现代的话说叫新的话语系统,这是更重要的!附带说一下,“麦克风”是最早的音译,后来改用“话筒”,“麦克风”几乎已从我们的语言中退出,但现在人们又开始越来越多地用“麦克风”,还发展出“耳麦”、“麦霸”等等.同样,“巴士”也是一种车的音译,早已被“公共汽车”、“面包车”取代,但现在又“卷土重来”,有“大巴”、“中巴”、“小巴”,还有的城市成立了“巴士公司”.从这种音译词的消失到重现,如果仔细探究,后面有很深的社会背景呢.
　　比如说近代引进的一些新词：“科学”、“*”等,这与中国传统的格物、民本已经是完全不同的话语了.我们也知道比如说“党”,这个词在中国传统汉语里也有,但那是一个很负面的意思,直到今天这种负面的意思在语言中也还存有遗迹,像我们说“君子不党”、“结党营私”,“死党”等.但是,党这个词在近代从外国引进后,就相当程度修改了中国传统汉语中“党”这个词汇的意义.“党”这个词几乎完全成为具有现代政治意义的一套话语,对中国社会的影响深远.又如劳动、劳动者、劳动阶级、劳动神圣这些词,对中国近代政治、对鼓舞人民参加社会活动都起到很重要的作用.
　　我还要特别说说“革命”这个词,因为以“革命”为代表的这套话语是中国近代社会剧烈变化的一个助燃剂.
　　梁启超在1902年专门写过“释革”这篇文章,他说汉语“革命”含有英语Reform和Revolution这两个意思：Reform是根据一个事物本来的面目而进行的一些改良、改善,比如像英国1832年的革命实际上就是Reform.而Revolution的意思则是像*一样,把一个事物完全颠倒了,比如说法国1789年的Revolution就是革命.梁启超当时在日本,日本人把这两个词分别翻译成改革、革新和革命.日本人借用了汉语中“革命”这个词,但汉语中提到的革命是指王朝的易姓,新王朝推翻了一个旧的王朝,所以不是现代意义上的革命.1904年的时候,梁启超又写了《中国历史上革命之研究》,他把革命分了三个层次,认为革命有狭义、次广义和最广义三个层次：最广义的革命是指社会上一切有形无形之事物所发生的大变化,不论是观念的、物质的,还是一个制度发生的根本性的变动；次广义的革命就是指用暴力手段,用一个新时代取代一个旧时代；最狭义的革命是指专用兵力来推翻*政权.
　　现在“革命”已是一个常识性的词,但刚刚引入中国的时候,人们都不明白是什么意思,所以梁启超就对革命这个词做很多解释.
　　刚才这几个例子说明,新词的引进,实际上就是一种新事物的引进,新事物包含着新知识,新知识之下孕育一种新概念、新的价值体系、新的话语体系.这些新的观念、新的话语体系必将导致社会的变化.现在我们语言中的“党”与传统的“党”完全不同,所说的“革命”与传统“成汤革命”、“汤武革命”中的“革命”完全不同.新词引进说明,在人类交往的过程中,不同的语言总是在互相影响.