新概念英语第一册141的短语有哪些
新概念英语第一册141的短语有哪些
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.my four-year-old daughter,我那4岁的女儿.
four-year-old 是名词 daughter的定语.各词用连字符连在一起,构成一个复合形容词.注意在这个复合词中仅用单数 year,而不用复数:如:
a thirteen-year-old girl 一个13岁的姑娘 a five-year-old boy 一个五岁的男孩 a three-meter-tall tree 一棵三米高的树
2.… Sally was invited to a children's party. ……萨莉被邀请去参加一个儿童聚会.
这是一个被动语态的例子.在英文中,假如想避免用含混不清的词(如 someone等)作主语,经常可使用被动词态.(具体请参见本课语法部分.)被动语态由相应的be动词加上过去分词构成:
It is repaired regularly. 它定期修理.
They are corrected regularly. 它们得到了定期校正.
He was met at the station this morning. 今早有人在车站接他.
3.She had never travelled on a train before. 她以前从未坐过火车.
这句话使用的是过去完成时,副词before通常用于完成时态(现在完成时或过去完成时)的句子里,而ago用在过去时的句子里.
4. a middle-aged lady,一位中年女士.
middle-aged是一个复合形容词,这种复合形容词是由名词/形容词+过去分词构成.例如:
a hand-made coat 一件手工制作的上衣
a large-eyed boy 一个大眼睛的男孩
a long-legged girl 一个长腿的姑娘
5.opposite Sally,在萨莉的对面.
这是介词短语,作状语,修饰sat,表示其具体状态、情况.
6.take out,拿出.
make up her face,往她的脸上施脂粉.
make up意为“化妆”、“妆扮”(指擦胭脂、抹粉).
7.To make myself beautiful … 把自己妆扮漂亮……
这是一个省略句,句首省略了I am doing that,而只留下这个作目的状语的动词不定式短语;beautiful 作 myself 的宾语补足语.
8.put away,收拾好,储存备用.
She washed the cups and put them away. 她洗完杯子后便把他们收了起来.
语法 Grammar in use
被动语态(1)
英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分.在主动句中,动词的主语是执行动作的人或物.在被动句中,主语是动作的承受者.
在英语中被动词态用得很普遍,这样做可以避免用不明确的词作主语,或是将说话的重点放在事件而不是造成该事件的人或物上.
被动语态的构成: be +过去分词.
过去分词不一定指过去.请看例句:
(1)一般现在时形式: am/are/is +过去分词:
The room is aired regularly. 这个房间定期通风.
The knives are sharpened regularly. 刀定期磨.
(2)一般过去时形式: was/were +过去分词:
She was dressed in red. 她身穿红色衣服.
The windows were opened this morning. 窗户今早是开着的/被打开了.
(3)英语中表达感情的动词通常可用于被动式,这些动词如:amuse, embarrass, worry, surprise, interest, upset等:
She is embarrassed. 她感到尴尬.
They were worried. 他们感到担忧.
词汇学习 Word study
1.embarrassed adj.
(1)尴尬的;局促不安的:
He felt so embarrassed at that moment.
在那一刻,他感到如此尴尬.
The girl was very embarrassed to speak in front of so many strangers.
在如此之多的生疏人面前讲话,那个女孩子很是局促不安.
(2)陷入困境的;拮据的:
He was financially embarrassed. 他经济上陷入了困境.
He says that he is embarrassed at the moment, but he will be able to pay you next month.
他说他目前手头紧,但下个月就可以付钱给你.
2.curiously adv.
(1)好奇地:
The little boy watched curiously as his mum opened the box.
那个小男孩好奇地看着他妈妈打开盒子.
(2)过于好奇地:
She curiously opened the letter addressed to her husband.
她抑制不住好奇心,拆开了别人写给她丈夫的信.
3.kindly adv.
(1)和蔼地;亲切地:
He treats the children kindly. 他待孩子们和蔼而仁慈.
The old man greeted us kindly. 那位老人亲切地招呼我们.
(2)请(=please,有时表示客气,有时表示不满等):
Will you kindly leave the room? 请你离开这房间好吗?
Kindly acknowledge this letter. 此信收到后请告知.
(3)乐意地;感谢地:
He never takes criticism kindly. 他从不乐于接受批评.