牛津英语8b总复习

　　二、语法要点：
　　1.时态：
　　时态名称 构成基本形式 信息词
　　一般现在时 am/ is/ are; do/ does; V/ V-s usually,often,always,sometimes,seldom,never,
　　every day,twice a month
　　一般过去时 was/ were ; did; V-ed yesterday,last night,two days ago,just now,the next day
　　现在进行时 am/ is/ are + V-ing now,at the moment,at present,right now
　　过去进行时 was/ were + V-ing at 8:30 yesterday evening,at that time,this time yesterday
　　现在完成时 have / has +Vp.p.already,since,ever,yet,just,for,recently,never,in the past few years
　　一般将来时 will / be going to + V tomorrow,next week,soon
　　2.现在完成时态中短动词与长动词变换对应表:
　　短动词 长动词
　　buy have had
　　borrow have kept
　　arrive / come / go have been in
　　leave have been away from
　　die have been dead
　　join have been in / have been a member of
　　begin / start have been on
　　stop have been over
　　get married have been married
　　get to know have known
　　open have been open
　　close have been closed
　　3.易混时间副词用法比较表:
　　just now 与just just now 用于一般过去时
　　(He drank a bottle of apple juice just now) just用于现在完成时
　　(I have just seen Sandy)
　　ago 与before He came here three days ago I have never been here before
　　already与yet already 用于现在完成时的肯定句 (I have already done my homework.) yet 用于现在完成时的否定句和一般疑问句 (I haven’t done my homework yet.) (Have you done your homework yet?)
　　since 与 for Since+一点时间 / 或+ 一般过去时句子 for a month (for +一段时间)= since a month ago
　　ever 与 never ever 曾经 never从不
　　have been to 去过某地; have been in 呆在某地; have gone to 去了某地
　　4.主动语态和被动语态变化表:
　　时态 主动语态 被动语态
　　一般现在时 Subject + Verb(s) + Object Object + am/ is/ are + Vp.p.+ by Subject
　　一般过去时 Subject + Verb-ed + Object Object + was/ were + Vp.p.+ by Subject