徐州的历史英文简介

　　Xuzhou is the hometown of Han emperor Liu Bang, but also its rich land. BC 206 in April for the Hanwang Liu Xiang Yu closure after Chuhan After more than four years of war, in 202 BC in October in line Dingtao emperor Liu Bang in the ceremony, the beginning of all Luoyang, Chang'an after resettlement. At this point, the powerful and the Western Han Dynasty of ancient Roman Empire distance phase response, became the world's most powerful empire.
　　Four centuries between the Han Dynasty, Xuzhou A total of 13 Chu, five彭城王that there should be 18 burial tomb, in fact, is not the case, the Eastern Han Dynasty in Xuzhou administrative areas now also enfeoffment a下邳States, Four下邳Wang Shan delivery. Such as the underground tomb of the king's palace as the gorgeous, and the king during his lifetime preferences curios and treasury savings, do have filled in on the tomb. Xuzhou Han tombs of royal tombs, constitute the culture of the Han Dynasty in Xuzhou "三绝" one.
　　18 Mausoleum of Han Dynasty in Xuzhou by archaeological Northern Mountain Chu tomb of the second generation, third-generation Chu Lion King, carried the Blue Mountains fourth (e) on behalf of Chu tomb, the sixth generation Kameyama Chu tomb, East Mountain eighth Chu tomb, soil Shandong Pengcheng Han Tomb, etc.. Western Han Tomb in Xuzhou Chu is the most representative of the North Mountain Chu Tomb, Kameyama Chu Chu tomb and the Lion Rock Tomb. "Crack" "qi" "hung," the leading position. Xuzhou culture as one of the Lion Rock三绝terracotta warriors and horses, not only numerous but also a wide range, showing that the rich content: There Bo sleeve robe officials figurines, crown conical cap grip defender weapons figurines, they long braids equipment figurines, full boarding boots and hold negative crossbow bow甲士more than ten kinds, such as figurines. Han Han Dynasty Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Lion Rock is not only the artistic treasures, but also as a military center in Xuzhou historical evidence, not only for the study of the Han Dynasty sculpture high value, the study of social life of the Han Dynasty, burial system, military system are战阵have the same value.
　　Western Han Dynasty in Xuzhou area is popular崖洞tomb, Eastern Han Dynasty, burial shapes have changed, the prevalence of the Han Dynasty Tomb. Han Dynasty stone is carved in the tomb of Han people, the hall's carved murals. Han Dynasty stone carving art history in China, occupies an important position. China's Han Dynasty in Xuzhou stone concentrated one, the current of the Han Dynasty unearthed in Xuzhou area more than 700 pieces of stone, collecting stones of the Han Dynasty in Xuzhou Museum of Art more than 500 pieces of stone. Xu stone garden with Xuzhou, Nanjing Six Dynasties tomb stone, and known as "relics of Jiangsu Sambo." In addition to Han, the Han figurines, Han Stone Carvings outside of the Han Dynasty in Xuzhou antiques in China, the Han culture is to play the leading role soliciting told Head, North Mountain Chu tomb unearthed more than 220 color figurines; Rock Chu Tomb unearthed iron armor, jade coffin and jade leopard; small Kameyama Chu tomb unearthed Crystal with fishing, Liu Note silver, volcanic tomb unearthed jade clothes Parrotia; soil excavated Han Yan兽形gold; Sui Nanjing Liu Han Tomb unearthed bronze floor lamp, such as cattle precious relics, are among the treasures.
　　"Chiashan Department is not easy to know, when there are to those who know", Xuzhou Han Dynasty cultural landscape there are still many left over from history and sites, such as Malaysia and * opera, Surabaya kiosks, King House, Cornwall wind *拔剑Stephen, ovary Temple, the tomb of King mother and so on, each attractions, has a section of the history of moving stories, reminiscent of the Chu-Han war situation. Ma plays * high-profile autumn, will enable you will see King Xiang Yu Chu "Li Nukiyama Come gas matchless" Treasures of the King; song Wind Song Brickshooter * winds, allows you to enjoy the Han emperor Liu Bang "winds come from cloud Feiyang "the eternal farewell; ovary Temple of Chenzhong暮鼓will make you" bulk吹箫Zhang Chu army, "the legend of the imagination. All of these, but also the Han Dynasty in Xuzhou added a bit mysterious culture colors. A historian historical and cultural city in China, the seminar said: "such as Xuzhou city, renowned the Han culture so rich contents of the historic city in China is unique."
　　（中文）徐州,是汉高祖刘邦的故乡,也是其发迹之地.公元前206年4月项羽封刘邦为汉王以后,经过四年多楚汉战争,于公元前202年10月刘邦在定陶行皇帝礼,初都洛阳,后徙长安.此时,强大的汉王朝与西方的古罗马帝国遥相响应,成为当时世界上最强大的帝国.
　　两汉四百年间,徐州共有十三位楚王、五个彭城王,应有十八座王陵墓葬,其实还不仅如此,东汉时期,在现在的徐州行政区域内还分封过一个下邳国,有四位下邳王嬗递.这些国王的陵墓犹如地下宫殿般的华丽,国王生前喜好的珍玩和国库的积蓄,尽都填充于墓室中.徐州汉墓中的王陵墓葬,构成了徐州两汉文化的“三绝”之一.
　　徐州汉代十八陵经考古的有北洞山第二代楚王墓、狮子山第三代楚王陵、驮蓝山第四（五）代楚王陵、龟山第六代楚王墓、东洞山第八代楚王陵、土山东汉彭城王陵等.徐州西汉楚王陵最具代表性的莫过于北洞山楚王陵、龟山楚王陵和狮子山楚王陵.以“精”“奇”“雄”各领风骚.被誉为徐州文化三绝之一的狮子山兵马俑,不仅数量众多,而且种类繁多,显示出丰富的内容：有博袖长袍的官员俑、冠帻握兵器的卫士俑、执长器械的发辫俑、足登战靴和抱弩负弓的甲士俑等十余种.狮子山汉兵马俑既是汉代的艺术珍品,又是徐州作为军事重镇的历史见证,不仅对研究汉代雕塑艺术有极高的价值,对于研究汉代社会性生活、丧葬制度、军制战阵都有着同样的价值.
　　西汉时期徐州地区流行的是崖洞墓,东汉时期,墓葬形制发生了变化,盛行的是汉画像石墓.汉画像石是汉代人雕刻在墓室、礼堂里的雕刻壁画.汉画像石雕刻在中国美术史上占有重要的位置.徐州是中国汉画像石的集中分布地之一,目前徐州地区出土汉画像石700余块,收藏在徐州汉画像石艺术馆的画像石500余块.徐汉画像石同苏州园林、南京六朝陵墓石雕,并称为“江苏文物三宝”.除汉墓、汉俑、汉画之外,徐州的两汉文物精品,在中国的两汉文化中也是独领风骚,引人嘱目,北洞山楚王陵出土的220余件彩俑；狮子山楚王陵出土的铁铠甲、玉棺、玉豹；小龟山楚王墓出土的水晶带钓、刘注银、火山汉墓出土的银缕玉衣；土山汉墓出土的鎏金兽形砚；睢宁刘楼汉墓出土的铜牛灯等珍贵文物,皆属国宝.
　　“佳处未易识,当有来者知”,徐州两汉文化景观中还有许多历史上遗留下来的胜迹,诸如戏马台、泗水亭、霸王楼、歌风台、拔剑泉、子房祠、王陵母墓等,每处景点,都有一段动人的历史故事,使人联想到的是楚汉战争的硝烟风云.戏马台的高台秋风,可使你概见楚霸王项羽“力拔山兮气盖世”的霸王雄风；歌风台的大风歌古碑,能让你领略汉高祖刘邦“大风起兮云飞扬”的千古绝唱；子房祠的晨钟暮鼓,会令你对“张良吹箫散楚兵”的传说浮想联翩.所有这些,又为徐州的两汉文化平添了几分神秘的色彩.一位历史学家在中国历史文化名城研讨会上这样说：“象徐州这样的城市,荟萃两汉文化如此丰盛的内容,在中国的历史名城中是绝无仅有的.”