历史上石油泄漏的大事故和造成的后果,用英文,

10 in the history of the largest offshore oil spill and its impact on the environment
1、“埃克森-瓦尔迪兹”号触礁事故 1, "Exxon - Valdez" ran aground Accident No.
时间：1989年3月23日 Time: March 23, 1989
地点：阿拉斯加州的威廉王子峡湾 Location: Alaska's Prince William fjord
漏油量：3.5万吨 Oil volume: 35,000 tons
对环境的影响： Impact on the environment:
溢油散布约1300公里长海岸线,同时杀灭了食物链基层的微生藻类及浮游生物. Oil spill spread about 1,300 km long coastline, and kill the food chain of micro-algae and plankton primary.
阿拉斯加地区一度繁盛的鲱鱼产业在1993年彻底崩溃；大马哈鱼种群数量始终保持在很低水平；在这一区域栖息的小型虎鲸群体濒临灭绝. Alaska once thriving herring industry collapsed in 1993; salmon populations remain at very low levels; habitat in the region of small groups of killer whales endangered.
大约28万只海鸟、2800只海獭、300只斑海豹、250只白头海雕以及22只虎鲸死亡. About 28 million seabirds, 2800 sea otters, 300 harbor seal, 250 bald eagle and 22 killer whales died.
在当年发生事故的海滩上,土壤和海水里依然存在大量油污. Accidents in the year on the beach, soil and water in a large number of oil remains. 此外,潜在的损害更进一步扩展到事件发生地的生态系统中,存活下来的生物在受到冲击后的数年中,受毒物的影响将遗传至数种生物的后代. In addition, further expansion of the potential damage to the incident took place in the ecosystem, the creatures survived by several years after impact, the impact will be affected by toxic to several types of bio-genetic offspring.
2, "托利卡尼翁" was an accident
时间：1967年 Time: 1967
地点：英国康沃尔郡锡利群岛 Location: England Cornwall Isles of Scilly
漏油量：12.3万吨 Amount of oil: 123,000 tons
对环境的影响： Impact on the environment:
向事发水域总共投放了42.1万磅(约合19万公斤)炸弹. Waters of the incident put a total of 42.1 million pounds ($ 1.9 million kg) bombs. 一万多吨有毒溶剂和清洁剂被冲上受原油污染的英国和法国海岸附近沙滩,对陆地和海上野生动物造成长期不利影响. More than ten thousand tons of toxic solvents and detergents are washed up by the oil pollution off the coast of British and French beaches, wildlife on land and sea cause long-term adverse effects.
3、“M/T天堂”号事故 3, "M / T Heaven" was an accident
时间：1991年 Time: 1991
地点：意大利热那亚港口的地中海 Location: Mediterranean port of Genoa, Italy
漏油量：14.5万吨 Amount of oil: 145,000 tons
对环境的影响： Impact on the environment:
部分泄漏的原油沉入1600英尺(约合488米)深的海底,可能会在那里存在数十年甚至数百年. Some leakage of crude oil sank to 1600 feet (about 488 meters) deep sea, where there may be several decades or even centuries. 意大利和法国两国海岸花了十多年时间才恢复了当地优美的环境. Coast between Italy and France took ten years for recovery of the local beautiful environment.
4、“阿莫戈-卡迪兹”号事故 4, "A Moge - Cadiz" was an accident
时间：1978年3月16日 Time: March 16, 1978
地点：法国布列塔尼海岸 Location: Coast of Brittany, France
漏油量：22.3万吨 Amount of oil: 223,000 tons
对环境的影响： Impact on the environment:
船上全部的原油全部泄漏到海里. All on board all of the crude oil spill into the sea. 在盛行风和潮水的联合作用下,泄漏的原油漂到200英里(约合322公里)以外的法国海岸线,野生动物因此遭遇重创,共计有2万只海鸟、9000吨重的牡蛎以及数百万像海星和海胆这样栖息于海底的动物死亡. Prevailing wind and tide in the joint under the action of the oil spill drift to 200 miles (322 kilometers) outside of the French coastline, wildlife thus suffered heavy losses, a total of 20,000 birds, 9,000 tons of oysters and millions of such as starfish and sea urchins on the seabed habitats of animals died.
5、“贝利韦尔城堡”号事故 5, "Bailey Weil Castle" was an accident
时间：1983年 Time: 1983
地点：南非水域 Location: South African waters
漏油量：25.2万吨 Amount of oil: 252,000 tons  
对环境的影响： Impact on the environment:
发生在南非水域的最大原油泄漏事故. In South Africa's largest oil spill waters. 除了对开普敦附近几个地区的环境造成有限的破坏以外,泄漏的绝大部分原油迅速消散（近岸风、好望角周围危险水域频繁的巨浪活动和快速的水流等因素）. In addition to several areas near Cape Town, causing limited damage to the environment outside, most oil spill rapid dissipation (offshore wind, often dangerous waters around the Cape of Good Hope waves and fast currents and other activity factors). 此外,当局将“贝利韦尔城堡”号船首部分拖入深海,使用炸药炸沉,也对抑制事故对生态造成的破坏起到了一定的作用. In addition, the "Billy Weir castle" was dragged into the deep bow section, the use of explosives sunk, but also to inhibit the ecological damage caused by the accident played a role.
6、埃科菲斯克油田井喷事故 6,埃科菲斯克oil blowout
时间：1977年 Time: 1977
地点：挪威和英国之间的北海 Location: North Sea between Norway and the UK
漏油量：26.3万吨 Amount of oil: 263,000 tons
对环境的影响： Impact on the environment:
井喷事故并没有破坏钻井平台,这起原油泄漏事故没有造成重大生态灾难. Blowout and did not damage drilling platforms, which from the oil spill did not cause major ecological disaster.
7、“ABT夏日”号事故 7, "ABT Summer" was an accident
时间：1991年5月初 Time: early May 1991
地点：安哥拉海岸以西900英里南大西洋水域 Location: 900 miles west of Angola, the South Atlantic coastal waters
漏油量：26万吨 Amount of oil: 260,000 tons
对环境的影响： Impact on the environment:
5名船员丧生. Five crew members were killed. 海面浮漂的原油大部分已经燃烧掉,“ABT夏日”号残骸也沉入海底. Sea of crude oil has been largely floats burn, "ABT Summer" was wreckage sank. 随后寻找沉船的努力至今没有任何成果. Subsequent efforts to find the wreck has not been any results.
8、瑙鲁兹海上油田事故 8, Nao Luzi offshore oil field accident
时间：1983年2月10日 Time: February 10, 1983
地点：伊朗瑙鲁兹 Location:伊朗瑙鲁兹
漏油量：26万吨 Amount of oil: 260,000 tons
对环境的影响： Impact on the environment:
该地区受两伊战争影响,原油泄漏与火灾持续了近两年,直至1985年5月才被扑灭. The region affected by the Iraq war, oil spills and fires lasted nearly two years until May 1985 burn out. 20名工人在试图扑灭燃烧的油井时遇难. 20 workers tried to extinguish the burning oil wells in when killed.
9、“大西洋女皇”号事故 9, "Atlantic Queen" was an accident
时间：1979年7月19日 Time: July 19, 1979
地点：多巴哥岛附近的加勒比海水域 Location: Caribbean waters near Tobago
漏油量：28.7万吨 Amount of oil: 287,000 tons
对环境的影响： Impact on the environment:
约220万桶原油外泄到多巴哥岛附近海水中,其中一部分燃烧掉落. About 220 million barrels of crude oil leaked into the sea near the island of Tobago, part of which fall burning. . .
10、“伊克斯托克-I”油井事故 10, "Iqbal Stoke-I" oil accident
时间：1979年6月3日 Time: June 3, 1979
地点：墨西哥湾 Location: Gulf of Mexico
漏油量：45.4万吨 Amount of oil: 454,000 tons
对环境的影响： Impact on the environment:
海底油井井喷期间及事故发生后对周围生态环境环境造成了严重冲击,原油泄漏持续了九个多月的时间,污染了美国得克萨斯州的南帕德拉岛. Undersea oil well blowout during and after the accident on the surrounding environment causing serious environmental impact, oil spill lasted nine months time, polluting the United States, Texas, South Padre de island.
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