常见介词(详细一些）

1about 关于 =oneg. give sb advice on how to learn English
b．到处look about环视
C. 大约
d.be about to do即将做eg. I was about to leave when the phone rang.
2.above 在.上方 over在垂直的上方 反义：below在.下方
3.across 横穿,从表面
through竖穿,从内部
4.after在（位置,时间）后 behind 在（位置）后
before在（位置,时间）前 in front of 在（位置）前
look after/run after/ after=according to
在（时间）后---
in+时间段+将来时 how soon?
after +时间段+过去时when?
after + 一点时间（常用于一般将来时or一般过去时）when?
如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour.
The baby will stop crying in half an hour.
They will visit their teacher after Friday.
时间段+later+过去时 when?
5.behindHe hangs his coat on a nail behind the door. 他把外套挂在门后的一颗钉子上.
Beyond 超过This work is beyond my grasp.这件工作非我力所能及.
His bad behavior is beyond a joke. 他的不良行为超出了开玩笑的范围.
beside
6.沿着 a. along(没有方向性) We went for a walk along the shore.我们沿着海岸散步.
b.up(向上,向说话者走来) The boy climbed up the tree. 这个男孩爬上树.
c.down(向下,向说话者走去) Will you walk down to the lake with her? 你跟她走到湖那头去好吗?
7.在…之间 a.between在两者之间
b.among在三者或以上之间
eg.1.She was sitting between John and Tom.
2.What were you doing between eight and nine?
3.What’s the defference between the two words?
4.we found a little house among the trees.
5.The students lived and worked among the workers.
Between , among 是介词,必须 +宾格：between you and me
8. at+地点（小地方）in+地点（大地方）eg. I’ve been at our school/in the USA.
在桌边at the table
at表示“向,朝”eg. look at / laugh at
shoot sb 射死,射中/ shoot at sb朝…射击
eg. The hunter shot at the tree , but he didn’t shoot any birds.
At+时间点
At+价格
At+速度
9.beside=next to在旁边
besides除外还Besides milk and cheese, we need vegetables. 除了牛奶和干酪外,我们还需要蔬菜.
except/ but 除…外 "Every one of us, except him, went to watch the basketball match."
"除他以外,我们都去观看了蓝球比赛."
except for +noun除外(总体肯定,局部否定)
except that+clause除外(总体肯定,局部否定)
eg.Your compasitions are good except for a few spelling mistakes.
but的几个用法:nothing but
nobody but
have no choice but to do
can’t do anything but do
10.by 被
在…旁by the window/ by the riverHe sat down just by the door.他正坐在门的旁边.
by+noun 通过…方式（手段）by bus/
get on the bus/ get off the busget into the car/get out of the car
She earned money by writing.她靠写作挣钱.
By+时间的用法by+now 与现在完成时连用
by+过去时间与过去完成时连用
by+将来时间与将来完成时或一般过去时连用
eg.Wehave learnedover 2000 words by now.
had learnedby the end of last term.
Will learn/will have learned by the end of this term.
11.during+宾语 不加从句 eg.在我居住在南京期间：
during I stayed in Nanjing (wrong)
during my staying in Nanjing (right)
12.with和…一起 to live with one's parents 和父母同住
带有 We takedictionaries with us.
Without I can't do it without your help. 没有你的帮助,我不能做这件事.
13.in the morning/afternoon/evening
at night
14.像1).like like you像你那样like that那样
2).as+从句（或从句的省略句）Please do as I told you./Please do as I did.
as作为eg.consider/recognize/regard…as
3). 几个短语：be likelook like sound like
the same as such as
15. 方位介词
in the east of
on the east of
to the east of/east of
在山顶 at the top of hill=on top of hill
Last year he spent hisw holiday on a farm in the country south of Boston.
16. up to
1）.胜任,适合The machine is up to requirements.这部机器符合要求.
The manager is well up to the work..经理十分胜任这个工作.
2）是…义不容辞的,是…的职责
It’s up to me to finance my yong brother to finish his college study.资助我弟弟完成其大学学业,我义不容辞.
It is up to us to give them all the help we can.我们理应给他们力所能及的帮助.
3)取决于, 必须由….决定
I’ve given you my advice; whether or not you act it is up to you.我已经把办法告诉了你,是否照办得由你决定了.
It’s up to you to get to school on time.你是否准时到校由你自己决定.
4)一直到(时间)
Up to her fourth birthday, the baby slept in a crib.婴孩睡婴儿床一直睡至到四岁.
We went swimming up to supper time.我们一直游到吃晚饭的时候.
5)一直到(数目),多达
There were eight fire engines at the fire.来到火灾现场的消防车多达8辆.
I can take up to six people in my car.我的车能载6个人.
up to date最新的,现代化的,切合目前情况的
up to 的常见用法
1.表示程度或数量,表示"达到……程度或数量",相当于as far as, to.如:
Up to ten people can sleep in this tent.这个帐篷至多能睡十人.
Everyone has his part to play, from the office boy up to the president.从办公室勤杂员到董事长,每个人都有自己的事做.
Our football team played up to its best in the last League matches.我们的足球队在上届联赛中发挥了最高水平.
2.表示时间限制,"直到……为止",相当于till(也可用up till)或until.如:
He was here up to a moment ago.他刚才还在这儿呢.
The No. 5 bus runs up to 9 o'clock in the evening.五路公共汽车一直开到晚上九点.
注意:在将来时态中,应用until或till为好.如:
I'll wait for you until / till ten o'clock tomorrow.我将等你到明天十点钟.
3.表示"够……;合格做……;有资格做……",相当于good/well/clever enough for或fit for.如:
Michael is not really up to the job.迈克尔确实不胜任那项工作.
My German isn't up to translating that letter.我的德语还不行,翻译不了那封信.(to为介词,接V-ing形式)
Do you feel up to going out, or have you still got a headache?你觉得可以出去还是仍觉得头痛?
4.表示"责任"、"义务",相当于the duty or responsibility of.如:
It is up to us to do our best now.我们现在务必要尽最大努力.(sb.后接动词不定式)
5.表示"该……做出决定,取决于",相当于decided or chosen by.如:
-Shall we go out for dinner or eat at home?
-It's up to you.
-我们是出去吃饭还是在家吃呢?
-那要由你决定.(you后省略了to decide).
6.表示"做;忙于"或"从事于",相当于doing或busy doing/ with.(非正式语体中)如:
The children are quiet; I wonder what they are up to!孩子们很安静,我不知道他们在捣什么鬼!
What are you on earth up to?你究竟在搞什么名堂?
7.表示"知道"或"识破",相当于know, aware of.如:
He is not up to many things about sports.他对体育运动知道得很少.
They cannot deceive me, for I'm up to all their tricks.他们欺骗不了我,因为我能识破他们所有的诡计.