高中英语简单句详细讲解

（一）句子种类两种分类法w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）.
e. g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成.
e. g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的.
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子.复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等.
e. g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

（二）简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：e. g. He is a student.
2、主语+不及物动词：e. g. We work.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e. g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e. g. My father bought me a car.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e. g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成.

主语——动词——表语：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语.
1. Mr. Brown is an engineer. (名词作表语)
2. Gradualy he became silent. (形容词作表语)
3. She remained standing for a hour. (现在分词作表语)
4. The question remained unsolved. (过去分词作表语)
5. The machine is out of order. (介词短语作表语)
6. The television was on. (副词作表语)
7. His plan is to keep the affair secret. (动词不定式作表语)
8. My job is repairing cars. (动名词作表语)
9. The question is what you want to do. (从句作表语,即：表语从句)
注意：在下面的句子中,形容词作表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构.
I’m happy to meet you.
They are willing to help.
We are determined to follow his example.

主语——动词：
在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组.在有的句子中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰.
1. The sun is rising.
2. I’ll try.
3. Did you sleep well?(well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep)
4. The engine broke down.
注意：在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态.
1. The book sells well.
2. The window won’t shut.
3. The pen writes smoothly.
4. Cheese cuts easily.

主语——动词——宾语：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
在此句型中,动词为及物动词,划线部分为宾语.
1. Do you know these people (them)?(名词或代词作宾语)
2. I can’t express myself in English. (反身代词作宾语)
3. He smiled a strange smile. (同源宾语)
4. We can’t afford to pay such a price. (不定式作宾语)
5. Would you mind waiting a few minutes?(动名词作宾语)
6. I hope that I have said nothing to pain you. (从句作宾语,即：宾语从句)
注意：并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况作宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,一定要掌握其用法.

主语——动词——宾语——宾语：
在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习中遇到时,要牢记.后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中,间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物.这类句型有三种情况.
第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为由to引导的短语.
1. He handed me a letter.
He handed a letter to me.
2. She gave me her telephone number.
She gave her telephone number to me.
第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为由for引导的短语.
3. She sang us a folk song.
She sang a folk for us.
4. She cooked us a delicious meal.
She cooked a delicious meal for us.
第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当.
5. Tell him I’m out.
6. Can you inform me where Miss Green lives?

主语——动词——宾语——宾语补足语：
在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多.后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称作复合宾语.这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多.下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
1. He found his new job boring. (形容词作宾补)
2. The called their daughter Mary. (名词作宾补)
3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介词短语作宾补)
4. We went to here house but found her out. (副词作宾补)
5. What do you advise me to do?(不定式作宾补)
6. We thought him to be an honest man. (tobe作宾补)
7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式作宾补)
8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的进行式作宾补)
9. Did you notice him come in?(不带to的不定式作宾补)
10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (现在分词作宾补)
11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (过去分词作宾补)
注意：在这个结构中,可以出现用it作形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面.在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句.
1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her.
分析：it是形式宾语,his duty是宾语补足语,to mention this to her是真正的宾语.
2. I think it best that you should stay with us.
分析：it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,that you should stay with us是真正的宾语.
3. there be句型是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“有……”
①谓语动词和主语保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room.
②有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.
③主语的后面有时有修饰语：There are a lot of difficulties facing us. There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do).
④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight. There was little change in him.
⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
There used to be a cinema here.
There seems to be something the matter with her.
Is there going to be any activity tonight?
⑥there be句式变疑问句,把be提前；变反意疑问句也要借助there.
Is there any hope of getting the job?
There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there?
⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词：
Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island.
There came a knock at the door.
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
⑧用于非谓语的情况下,有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being：
You wouldn’t want there to be another war. (不定式的复合结构)
The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework. (动名词的复合结构)
There being nothing else to do,we went home. (独立主格结构)