英语翻译The Restatement identifies the elements of a cause of action for aiding and abetting a tort,but it is vague as to exactly how those elements apply in a real case.The Restatement states that “for harm resulting to a third person from the tortious conduct of another,one is subject to liability if he….(b)Knows that the other’s conduct constitutes a breach of duty and gives substantial assistance or encouragement to the other so to conduct himself.”

英语翻译
The Restatement identifies the elements of a cause of action for aiding and abetting a tort,but it is vague as to exactly how those elements apply in a real case.The Restatement states that “for harm resulting to a third person from the tortious conduct of another,one is subject to liability if he….(b)Knows that the other’s conduct constitutes a breach of duty and gives substantial assistance or encouragement to the other so to conduct himself.”