英语习语包括那几部分?成语、惯用语、谚语,还有别的吗?
英语习语包括那几部分?成语、惯用语、谚语,还有别的吗?
从文体学来说,广义的英语成语(idiom)包括谚语(proverb)、俚语(slang)、俗语(colloquial)、成对词(twin words)、三词词组(trinomials)、熟语(catchphrase,lexical phrase )和习惯搭(habitual collocation,restricted collocation)等.现举例如下:
1.谚语、格言(proverb),警句(sentence idiom)
英语谚语常有缩写形式,类似汉语的歇后语.例如:
Proverbs are children of experience.
谚语是经验的产物.
It’ s no use crying over spilt milk.
倒翻牛奶,哭也没用.缩写形式:Cry over spilt milk.含义:覆水难收.
2.俚语(slang)
俚语为某些人群和地区所特有,适用范围有严格限制,使用时要注意其场合.例如:
screw up 弄糟、一塌胡涂
He screwed the whole thing up from start to finish.他自始至终一塌胡涂.
Pay off 贿赂
chat up 与异性搭讪
3.口语(colloquial).例如:
snake in the grass 暗箭
hit below the belt \ stab in the back 暗箭伤人
cut the ground from under sb.在某人背后搞鬼
4.成对词(twin words,irreversible binomials 或 words in pairs).例如:
beer and skittles 吃喝玩乐
wax and wane 盛衰
weal and woe祸福
5.三词词组(trinomials)
有些固定的三词词组也被归为成语,因为它们大都也是一些固定的讲法.例如:
sun,moon and stars 日月星
on land,on sea,and in the sky 海陆空
Eat,drink and be merry.及时行乐
Wine,woman,and song.吃喝玩乐