直接引语.与间接引语的区别

直接引语：直接引述别人的话（句子中有“”）.
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话,叫“间接引语”（句子中一般无“”）
二．直接引语变间接引语
A.一般不表示请求或祈使的句子改为一个宾语从句
1.连词
若直接引语引号里的内容是陈述句,那么改为间接时,要用连词 that (可以省略)
……………….一般疑问句,…….,要用连词 if/whether (不可以省略)
……………….特殊疑问句,…….,要用连词 wh- 即特殊疑问词本身（不可省）
2.变化
（1）主句动词的变化
一般说来,主句谓语动词常为said或said to,变为间接引语时,当直接引语是陈述句时,said不变.当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时,则要把said或said to变为asked / asked sb.
（2）从句人称的变化
由直接引语变间接引语时,从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则.①直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致.②如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致.③如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时,人称不变.例如：
①They said,“We will go there by bus.” →They said they would go there by bus.
②She said to me,“Are you interested in science?” →She asked me if I was interested in science.
③His mother said to me,“He can't go to school.” →His mother told me that he couldn't go to school.
（3）、从句动词时态的变化
a.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态.①一般现在时→一般过去时；②一般过去时→过去完成时；③现在进行时→过去进行时；④现在完成时→过去完成时；⑤过去完成时→过去完成时（不变）；⑥一般将来时→过去将来时.例如：
The girl said,“I'm sorry for being late for class.” →The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.
b.直接引语变为间接引语时,如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语从句的时态保持不变.例如：
He says,“I have finished my homework.” →He says that he has finished his homework.
She will say,“I'll do it tomorrow.” →She will say that she'll do it the next day.
c.直接引语如果是客观事实或真理,变为间接引语时,从句时态不变.例如：
The teacher said,“The earth moves around the sun.” →The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
（4）、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词的变化为this→that,these→those等；时间状语的变化为now→then,today→that day,yesterday→the day before,tomorrow→the next day等；地点状语的变化为here→there；动词的变化为come→go（go 不要变come）.例如：
1.She said,“I will come this evening.” →She said that she would go that evening.
2.He said,“My sister was here three days ago,but she is not here now.” →He said that his sister had been there three days before,but she was not there then.
B.表示请求或祈使的句子改为句型tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth
当直接引语引号里的内容表示要求时用tell sb (not) to do sth
当直接引语引号里的内容表示请求时用ask sb (not) to do sth
当直接引语引号里的内容表示强制要求时用order sb (not) to do sth