英语的所有时态 要公式的形式 列出来!

[编辑本段]11.1 一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用.
时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实.
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中.
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败.
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时.
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性.
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作.再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时.
[编辑本段]一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态.
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等.
Where did you go just now?
2）表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作.
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了.
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了.
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等.
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些.
比较：
一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在.
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含义：她已不在人间.)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
(含义：她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州.)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意： 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气.
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等.
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2）情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
used to / be used to
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在.
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词.
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)
[编辑本段]一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替.
will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称.
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2) be going +不定式,表示将来.
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事.
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事.
The play is going to be produced next month.
c. 有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事.
4) be about +不定式,意为马上做某事.
[编辑本段]现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态,其结果的确和现在有联系.动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态.其构成： have (has) +过去分词.
[编辑本段]过去完成时
1） 概念：表示动作发生在过去,并在过去完成（即是常说的过去的过去）.
用一示意图表示如下：
动作发生
------|----------------|----------|---->
过去的过去 过去 现在
其基本构成是：had+动词过去式.
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句.
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
[编辑本段]将来完成时
1) 构成will / be going to do sth.
2) 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态.
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或一获得的经验.
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
[编辑本段]现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情.
We are waiting for you.
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行.
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态.)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等.
The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩.
You are always changing your mind.
[编辑本段]过去进行时
1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作.
2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生.
1) 概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情.
She'll be coming soon.
I'll be meeting him sometime in the future.
注意：将来进行时不用于表示"意志",不能说 I'll be having a talk with her.
2）常用的时间状语
Soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening
By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.
[编辑本段]时态的相互代替与比较
一般现在时代替将来时
时间状语从句,条件句中,从句用一般现在时代替将来时
When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately
(2) 表示现在已安排好的未来事项,行程等活动.