中西方餐桌礼仪的差异求中西方餐桌礼仪差异方面的英文文献,英语论文、文章等等,只要是英文的都要~我急于写论文~我只要英文的~我的论文框架和二楼的有些相似的地方，有每点的详细参考文献或英文文章吗？框架我已经有了，缺的就是材料啊~

不少人在吃西餐时，都会担心“失礼”。其实，所谓餐桌礼仪是为了让餐膳可以不受阻碍和破坏，而得以顺利流畅地进行的实用守则。谨记“整齐、清洁和保持安静”三项原则便可无往而不利。
一、宴会礼仪
（1）在当你应邀赴宴时，你对同桌进餐的人和餐桌上的谈话，大概要比对饮食要更感兴趣。因此进餐时，应该尽可能地少一些声响，少一些动作。
（2）女主人一拿起餐巾时，你也就可以拿起你的餐巾，放在腿上。有时餐巾中包有一只小面包；如果是那样的话就把它取也，放在旁边的小碟上。
（3）餐巾如果很大，就双叠着放在腿上；如果很小，就全部打开。千万别将餐巾别在领上或背心上，也不要在手中乱揉。可以用餐巾的一角擦去嘴上或手指上的油渍或脏物。千万别用它来擦刀叉或碗碟。
（4）正餐通常从汤开始。在你座前最大的一把匙就是汤匙，它就在你的右边的盘子旁边。不要错用放在桌子中间的那把匙子，因为那可能是取蔬菜可果酱用的。
（5）在女主人拿起她的匙子或叉子以前，客人不得食用任何一道菜。女主人通常要等到每位客人都拿到菜后才开始。她不会像中国习惯那样，请你先吃。当她拿起匙或叉时，那就意味着大家也可以那样做了。
（6）如果有鱼这道菜的话，它多半在汤以后送上，桌上可能有鱼的一把专用叉子，它也可能与吃肉的叉子相似，通常要小一些，总之，鱼叉放在肉叉的外侧离盘较远的一侧。
（7）通常在鱼上桌之前，鱼骨早就剔净了，如果你吃的那块鱼还有刺的话，你可以左手拿着面包卷，或一块面包，右手拿着刀子，把刺拨开。
（8）如果嘴里有了一根刺，就应悄悄地，尽可能不引起注意地用手指将它取出，放在盘子边沿上，别放在桌上，或扔在地下。
此外，我对法国餐桌礼仪的忌讳有些了解，如后：
二、法国餐桌礼仪七忌
答应对方的邀请后如果临时有事要迟到甚至取消约会，必须事先通知对方。赴会时稍迟是可以接受的，但若超过15分钟便会给对方不重视约会的坏印象。在点菜时自己应选定想吃的食物，如果看遍菜牌也没有头绪的话，可请侍应为你推荐餐厅的招牌菜，但要给明确的表示，如想吃海鲜、不吃红肉等，切记事事拿不定主意，只懂说“是但(随便也罢)”的人只会为同台客人添加麻烦。用餐要注意的细节甚多，但其实大部分也是日常的礼仪，只要保持冷静，不做大动作，不出声响或阻碍别人用餐的话已算合格。
1、使用餐具最基本的原则是由外至内，完成一道菜后侍奉收去该份餐具，按需要或会补上另一套刀叉。
2、吃肉类时(如牛扒)应从角落开始切，吃完一块再切下一块。遇到不吃的部分或配菜，只需将它移到碟边。
3、如嘴里有东西要吐出来，应将叉子递到嘴边接出，或以手指取出，再移到碟子边沿。整个过程要尽量不要引别人注意，之后自然地用餐便可。
4、遇到豆类或饭一类的配菜，可以左手握叉平放碟上，叉尖向上，再以刀子将豆类或饭轻拨到叉子上便可。若需要调味料但伸手又取不到，可要求对方递给你，千万不要站起来俯前去取。
5、吃完抹手抹嘴切忌用餐巾大力擦，注意仪态用餐巾的一角轻轻印去嘴上或手指上的油渍便可。
6、就算凳子多舒服，坐姿都应该保持正直，不要靠在椅背上面。进食时身体可略向前靠，两臂应紧贴身体，以免撞到隔壁。
7、吃完每碟菜之后，如将刀叉四边放，又或者打交叉乱放，非常难看。正确方法是将刀叉并排放在碟上，叉齿朝上。

The Differences Between Chinese and Western Table Manners
Of course,the main difference on the Chinese dinner table is chopsticks instead of knife and fork,but that's only superficial.Besides,in decent restaurants,you can always ask for a pair of knife and fork,if you find the chopsticks not helpful enough.
The real difference is that in the West,you have your own plate of food,while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares.If you are being treated to a formal dinner and particularly if the host thinks you're in the country for the first time,he will do the best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes.
The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes,to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes.Soup then will be served (unless in Guangdong style restaurants) to be followed by staple food ranging from rice,noodles to dumplings.
If you wish to have your rice to go with other dishes,you should say so in good time,for most of the Chinese choose to have the staple food at last or have none of them at all.
Perhaps one of the things that surprises a Western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests.In formal dinners,there are always "public" chopsticks and spoons for this purpose,but some hosts may use their own chopsticks.This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness.It is always polite to eat the food.If you do not eat it,just leave the food in the plate.
People in China tend to over-order food,for they will find it embarrassing if all the food is consumed.When you have had enough,just say so.Or you will always overeat!
Chinese table manners of families have no intrinsic quality even there are different region and position.No matter three meals a day or guest鈥檚 arrival,always bowls with chopsticks,food with soup.There is no rule for how to put the tableware.What people care about more are not the gorgeous tableware but the sumptuous food.People鈥檚 dining position reflects the most obvious etiquette of Chinese table manners.In ancient society,men are supreme,and women are not allowed to sit with men on the same table.Although this is modern society,this kind of ancient etiquette still remains.Today in China,the phenomenon that men sit on the table before women can be found everywhere.The master of a family usually sits on the first-class seat.The first-class seat is usually near the interior of a room facing to the door.Once there is a guest,the master will offer the first-class seat to the guest politely.If it is an ordinary meal of family,families should start after the elder.If there is a guest,the master offer the food to the guest is essential from the beginning to the end.And the tradition of urging others to drink is also a special phenomenon.
Even there is no official 鈥渢able manners鈥 in china,while there is 鈥渆ating behavior鈥?Once there is 鈥渆ating behavior鈥?there must be some eating manners up to standard.
Here are some characteristics on Chinese eating:
a.Keep your eyes on the meal,especially at the beginning of the meal.
b.When eating,keep your bodies forward,and face to your food.
c.It is allowed to spit the bone on the tables.
d.When chewing,it is allowed to make some rhythmical noisy of chewing.
e.Traditional Chinese meal doesn鈥檛 need the public chopsticks.
f.Traditional Chinese meal doesn鈥檛 have the sweet snacks after meal.
B.Western countries鈥 table manners
The biggest difference in table manners between Chinese and western is the details of table manners can be as clear as the specifications what can exactly give people correct manners to refer to.
Here are several typical manners what can illustrate the rigor of Western-style food.
a.The western-style food official drinks the soup posture request to enter in advanced the soup with the ladle to oneself far that one side,then to leaves the direction which oneself goes far away to delimit lightly abundantly.
b.When dines in the process,if you need to put down the knife,the edge faces oneself assumes in the plate as 10 o鈥檆lock shape.The tool bit is the hand of a clock,the hilt is the minute hand); the jaw buckles in the edge of a sword,the jaw direction 2 o鈥檆lock.The knife and fork assumes but actually V glyph.But V glyph knife and fork places the tray lower part (to depend on your direction).
c.The knife with forks parallel places in the plate 5 o'clock positions when dines finished.Approximately the knife or forks the total length 1/3 handle department dew in tray edge exterior.The fork downward buckle on the plate,the knife鈥檚 edge faces to you.
d.When eats the bread,must tear down the bread may by an entrance scrap.May not nip directly with the mouth.The butter should in before you put in the mouth.Do not wipe beforehand the entire bread the full butter.
e.The American tableware arrangement is:Center is big plant for the main meal,knife (Altogether three:the sand broach,the main table knife,the fish knife,all knife edges face to left) and spoon in right side.