为什么有的动词变名词不要去e再加ment,如imoprovement有的要,如 judgment,如没有,可以给些常用词的例子吗

应该有吧。
entitle - entitlement
settle - settlement
abandon- abandonment
abolish - abolishment
require - requirement
involve- involvment
refresh - refreshement

通常都不去掉e的,但当加在dge后面的时候就去掉e
比如abridgment,acknowledgment,judgment,and lodgment
特别是美式英语中更为常见.