英语中状语有哪些?怎么判断?

一、什么叫状语?就是动词的八个状态:时间、地点、原因、状态、目的、结果、方式、程度.
修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成份叫状语.例如：
My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past．我父母经常给我们讲他们过去的苦难生活.
She studies hard．她努力学习.
I am very tired．我非常疲倦.
二、什么可以作状语?
1．副词：Say again．再说一遍.
Suddenly it began to rain．天突然下雨了.
2．介词短语：
Please come here in the evening．请晚上来这儿.
He wrote with a red pencil．他用红铅笔写的.
3．动词不定式（或不定式短语）：
He went to see a film．他看电影去了.
My father was surprised to hear the news．
我父亲听到这个消息,感到惊奇.
4．分词（或分词短语）：
He sat there reading a novel．他坐在那儿看小说.
The students went away laughing．学生们笑着走开了.
5．名词：
Wait a moment．等一会儿.
It can go all day and all night．它能整日整夜地走.
6．状语从句：
I’ll write to you as soon as I get there．
我一到那儿就给你写信.
He didn’t come because he had to stay at home to finish his home work．他没来,因为他不得不留在家里完成家庭作业.
三、状语的分类：
状语按用途可分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等几类.
1．地点状语：
The students are doing their homework in the classroom．学生们正在教室里做作业.
2．时间状语：
I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside．我在农村生活时,向农民学到很多东西.
3．目的状语：
They set out early so that they might arrive on time．他们早点动身,以便准时到达.
4．原因状语：
She will not go home because she has to attend a meeting．因为要开会,所以她不能回家了.
5．结果状语：
Li Ming studied so hard that he caught up with the others very quickly．李明学习如此努力,结果很快赶上了其他人.
6．程度状语：
I nearly forgot what he had promised．
我几乎忘记了他答应的事.
7．方式状语：
He came singing and dancing．他唱着跳着走过来.
8．条件状语：
If you work hard at English,you will do well in English．如果你努力学习英语,你的英语成绩就会好.
9．让步状语：
He went to school yesterday though he was ill．
昨天他尽管有病,仍上学去了.
10．比较状语：
Lesson Two is not so difficult as Lesson One．
第二课不像第一课那样难.
四、状语的位置：
一般说来状语在句中的位置比较灵活,它可以处于句首、句中或句末.
1．状语位于句首：为了强调状语或者为了使它与上下文紧密衔接,通常把状语放于句首.
Tomorrow I am going swimming．明天我要去游泳.
Here in the cinema house,smoking is not allowed．
在电影院这里不准吸烟的.
2．状语位于句中：状语在句中的位置是：
(1)如果没有助动词,状语就位于动词前面.
I often go to see a film．我经常看电影.
(2)如果动词前有一个或几个助动词,状语位于第一个助动词之后.
He has already had his lunch．他已吃过午饭了.
(3)如果动词是be,状语就放在be动词之后.
He is always at home．他总是在家.