冠词the的用法

二、定冠词the的用法
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法.
Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都.
2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物.
Open the window please. 请把窗户打开.(双方都知道指的是哪一扇窗户)
3.指上文已经提到的人或事物.
There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
窗户附近有一把椅子.椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女,怀里抱着一个婴儿.
4.指世界上独一无二的事物.
Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? 太阳、地球和月亮哪一个最大?
5.用在序数词、形容词*前.
The first truck is carrying a few baskets. 第一辆卡车装运一些筐.
6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前.
the Great wall长城,the Summer Palace颐和园,
the People’s Farm人民农场,the Science Museum科学馆
7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人.
the rich富人 the poor穷人 the sick病人 the old老人,
the young年轻人 the blind盲人 the dead死人
8.用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”.
The Turners are going home on a train. 特纳夫妇在回家的火车上.
9.用在方位词前.
on the left/right在左/右边
in the east/west/north/south在东/西/北/南方
at the back/front of在……的后/前面
10.用在乐器名称前.
Do you like playing the piano or the violin? 你喜欢弹钢琴还是喜欢拉小提琴?
11.用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派名词前.
the East China Sea 东海the Huai River 淮河
the Jinggang Mountains 井冈山the United States of American 美国
12.用在某些固定词组中.
all the same 仍然all the time 一直
all the year round 一年到头at the age of 在……岁时
at the beginning of 起初; 开始at the end of 在……的尽头/末尾
at the entrance of 在……门口at the foot of 在……脚下
at the head of 在……的前面at the moment 此刻
at the same time 同时by the side of 在……附近
by the time 到时候by the way 顺便说
catch the post 赶上邮班do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服
give...the message 捎口信给……go to the classroom 去教室
in the end 最后；终于in the hat 戴帽子的
in the middle of the day 中午in the morning/afternoon / evening 在上午/下午/晚上
in the open air 在户外；在野外jump the queue 不按次序排队
lead the way to 引路；指路look the same 看起来很像
on the earth 在地球上tell the truth 说实话
the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天
the high jump 跳高the long jump 跳远
the next day 第二天the next year下一年
the people 人民the starting line起跑线
三、不用冠词的情况
1.在专有名词和不可数名词前.
I’m going to England next week for a holiday.下周我将要去英国度假.
2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词my, your, his, her等；指示代词this/ these, that/those; 不定代词some, any等及所有格限制时.
The letter is in her pocket. 信在她的衣袋里.
3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时.
My father and mother are teachers. 我的父亲和母亲是教师.
4.在星期、月份、季节、节日前.
The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn. 到中国来的最好时间是春季或秋季.
Today is Thursday, September 10th, Teacher’s Day. 今天是九月十日,星期四,教师节.
[注意] 如果月份、季节等被一个限定性定语修饰,则要加定冠词.
He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军.
5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前.
Happy Teachers’ Day, Miss Zhao!
Here it is, Mom!
6.在学科名称、三餐饭和球类运动名称前.
I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. 我认为汉语比其它学科更普及.
Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗?We are going to play football. 我们去踢足球.
[注意]I can see a football.(指足球,并非“球类运动”)
Where’s the football.
7.某些固定词组中不用冠词.
①与by连用的交通工具名称前
by bus, by car, by bike, by train, by air/plane, by sea/ship
②名词词组
day and night, brother and sister, hour after hour, here and there
③介词词组
at home在家in surprise惊奇地
at noon在中午on foot步行
at night在晚上on duty值日
at work在工作on time准时
for example例如on business经商
in school在上学on holiday在度假
in class在上课on show展览
in hospital在住院on top of在……顶部
in bed在床上
④ go短语
go home回家go to bed上床睡觉
go to school去上学go to work去上班
go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼