义务教育课程标准实验教科书英语八年级下册语法归纳和句型短语归纳

八年级下册英语重点短语及句型总汇
常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结
固定用法(非谓语动词)：以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配
★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★决定做某事decide to do sth.
★同意做某事agree to do sth.★需要某人做某事need to do sth.
★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do
★准备做某事get/be ready to do★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth
★计划做某事plan to do sth. ★不得不have to do
★轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth.★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.
★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. ★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.
★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth
★想要某人做某事want /would like sb.to do sth.
★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. .
★喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.
★帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do
★encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做
★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
例句:It your turn to clean the blackboard.
★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了
例句:It’s time for me to go home.
★It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是……（当adj.是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of）
例句: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.
★It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间
例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike.
2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night.
3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.
★too+adj./adv. to do sth.太…..而不能
例: He was to angry to say a word.
★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是…
例: I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.
★序数词+to do 第…..个做某事
例句:Who is the first to get there?
★我不知/忘记了怎么办.I didn't know/forgot what to do.
★离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯
例句:Don’t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room
★be+adj+to do sth
例句:1.I am very sorry to hear that.
2.I am ready to help others.
3.I am happy/pleased/glad to meet you.
顺口溜：本领最多不定式,主表定补宾和状；样样成分都能干,只有谓语它不敢；大家千万要小心,有时它把句型改；作主语时用it,自己在后把身藏；七个感官三使役,宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它,宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式,不定式前加for sb.；to前not是否定,各种用法区别开.
以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用法
★let sb. do sth让某人做某事 ★ make do sth使得某人做某事
★ hear do sth do sth听见某人做某事 ★see do sth do sth看见某人做某事
★why not 或why don’t you +动词原形?为什么不….?（表示建议）
例:Why not/Why don’t you take a walk?
★某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事
★情态动词can/may /must /should+ 动词原形（包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形）
★助动词do/does/did/will/would在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即don’t/doesn’t /didn’t/will not/would not+ 动词原形
★be going to + 动词原形（表示“即将”“打算” 做某事）
常见动名词、分词的习惯用法总结
使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中.如：1.He is watching TV in the room.
2.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be结构中.如：There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems结构中.如：We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介词后面.如：Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball?
What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么样? I am interested in playing football.
5.在以下结构中
1.enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事；
2.finish doing sth；完成做某事；
3.feel like doing sth想要做某事；
4.stop doing sth停止做某事（原来的事）
5.forget doing sth 忘记做过某事；
6.go on doing sth 继续做某事（原来的事）；
7.remember doing sth 记得做过某事；
8.like doing sth 喜欢做某事；
9.find /see/hear/watch sb doing发现/看到/听到/观看某人做
10.try doing sth试图做某事；
11.need doing sth需要做某事；
12.prefer doing sth宁愿做某事；
13.mind doing sth 介意做某事；
14.miss doing sth错过做某事；
15.practice doing sth 练习做某事；
16.be busy doing sth 忙于做某事；
17.can't help doing sth禁不住做某事；
18.waste time/money doing浪费时间/金钱做…;
19.keep sb.doing 让…始终/一直做…
20. stop sb.(from)doing 阻止某人做某事
21.prefer doing B to doing B=like A better than A喜欢做A更喜欢做B
22. “do some +doing”短语
如：do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking
23．“go doing”短语去做某事（主要指文娱活动等）
如：go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing（滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打猎)
语法：
动词不定式
(1) 动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后,want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等.可用顺口溜(要想拒绝忘记,需要努力学习,喜欢同意帮助,希望决定开始)
(2) 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.
(3) 不定式可以和疑问词who , which ,when, where ,how, what等连用. Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don’t know how to get to the station.
(4) 本topic出现的句子有：
I have some exciting news to tell you.
I want to make a hotel reservation.
It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.
The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.
I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.
Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.
重点语法
动词不定式
(1) 动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后,want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等.可用顺口溜(要想拒绝忘记,需要努力学习,喜欢同意帮助,希望决定开始)
(2) 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.
(3) 不定式可以和疑问词who , which ,when, where ,how, what等连用. Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don’t know how to get to the station.
(4) 本topic出现的句子有：
I have some exciting news to tell you.
I want to make a hotel reservation.
It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.
The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.
I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.
Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.
重点语法 时间状语从句
1.引导词：
(1) when, while , as 当……时候. when 后可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词;while 后跟延续性动词;as 多用于口语,强调同一时间,或一前一后.
The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.
= While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 学生在教室里谈话时,老师进来了.
Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 妈妈总是边给我们做饭边唱歌.
(2)not … until 直到……才,主句谓语动词常用短暂性动词.
I won’t leave here until the rain stops.
He didn’t sleep until his mother came back home.
(3) after 在……之后,before 在……之前,as soon as 一……就
I went to sleep after I finished my homework..= I finished my homework before I went to sleep.
As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom.
2. 时态
(1)当主句为一般过去时时,从句常用过去的某种时态.
While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang.
(2)当主句的时态为一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时.
I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.
重点语法 条件状语从句
1.条件状语从句由if(如果),unless(除非)等 引导的,谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来,主句用一般将来时.
主句 if从句
Will (must, should, may) 一般现在时
如：I won’t go if he doesn’t go .
We will pass the exam if we study hard.
We won’t pass the exam unless we study hard..
2. 祈使句+and/or 引导的结果句,祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句.
如：Hurry up, or you’ll be late.= If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.=You’ll be late unless you hurry up.
Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam.