延续性动词和非延续性动词

动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词.
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等.延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用.
表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year,since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等.
例:He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.How long did you stay there last year?
二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束.如:open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等.
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
例:He died 5 years ago.
否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用.例:I haven't left here for 3 years.I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away,borrow --- keep,buy --- have,begin/start --- be on,die --- be dead,finish --- be over,join --- be in+组织机构,be a member of+组织机构,open sth --- keep sth open,fall ill --- be ill,get up---be up,catch a cold --- have a cold,come here --- be here,go there --- be there,become --- be,come back --- be back,fall asleep --- be asleep,get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in),leave --- be away from,get to know --- know,go (get) out →be out,put on→ wear；catch a cold →have a cold等.例:The old man died 4 years ago.----The old man has been dead for 4 years.---- It is 4 years since the old man died.----Four years has passed since the old man died.He joined the Party 2 years ago.-----He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago.---- I have had the book for 5 days.
补充练习：
1.When he arrived at the bus stop,the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A.has left B.had left C.has been away D.had been away
2.I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A.joined B.have joined C.have been in
3.The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A .has been open B.has opened C.was open D.opened
4.Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A.have made B.have been C.made D.have become
5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.
A.be away B.leave C.be left
6.The meeting _______ for a week now.
A.has finished B.has ended C.has been over
7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A.has been in B.has come to C.has taught
8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A.has been B.has become C.was D.became
9.I ______ home for a week.
A.have returned B.have been back C.returned
10.How long _______ he ________
A.died B.has,died C.has,been dead
11.He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A.slept B.was sleeping C.has sleep D.had slept
12.He ________ the car for a week.
A.bought B.has bought C.has had
13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill -----Two weeks.
A.did fall B.have,fell C.have,been
14.Since 2000,he _____ his hometown.
A.has left B.has moved away C.has been away from
15.I'll lend you the book ,but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A.borrow B.keep C.take
16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A.has stopped B.stopped C.has been
17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?
A.wearing B.putting on C.dressing D.on
18.He ________ foe 2 hours.
A.got up B.has got up C.has been up
19.Tom is ill in hospital.He _______ a cold for several days.
A.is B.catches C.has caught D.has had
20.----- How long can I ______ the book?------ Two weeks.
A.borrow B.lend C.get D.keep
Key:
1---5 D C A B B; 6---10 C A A B C; 11---15 B C C C B; 16---20 C A C D D
如果你仔细看完这个并且完全理解了 肯定会对你英语学习有很大帮助