什么叫做反身代词

问题描述:

什么叫做反身代词

  释义:
  反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词.它的基本含义是:通过反身代词指代主语,使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己.因此,反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性、数上保持一致.
  如:
  (1)A marked bee fed itself from the dish and returned to the hive.
  一只做了标记的蜜蜂从盘中喂饱自己以后就飞回蜂箱了(itself 与 bee 在人称、性质、数上保持一致)
  (2)In 1955 Walt Disney himself opened the first Disney park.
  1955年,沃尔特.迪斯尼亲自创办了第一个迪斯尼公园.(himself 与 Walt Disney 在人称、性质、数上保持一致)
  反身代词和人称代词作宾语时具有不同的含义.
  如:
  (3)He saw himself in the mirror.
  他在镜子里看见了他自己.(himself 和 he 为同一人)
  (4)He saw him in the mirror.
  他在镜子里看见了他.(him 显然指另外一人)
  常见的反身代词:
  I--myself you-- yourself your-- yourselves she--herself he
  himself
  we they it one
  ourselves themselves itself oneself
  用法:
  1)做宾语
  a. 有些动词需有反身代词
  absent, bath, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave
  We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心.
  Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼.
  b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词
  take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.
  I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己.
  注:有些动词后不跟反身代词, get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等.
  Please sit down. 请坐.
  2) 作表语; 同位语
  be oneself: I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服.
  The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要.
  3) 在不强调的情况下,but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可.如:
  No one but myself (me) is hurt.
  注意:
  a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语.
  (错) Myself drove the car.
  (对) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车.
  b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语.
  Charles and myself saw it.
  5)第二人称作宾语,要用反身代词.
  You should be proud of yourself. 你应为自己感到骄傲.
  myself-第一人称单数,我自己
  ourselves-第一人称复数,我们自己
  yourself-第二人称单数,你自己
  yourselves-第二人称复数,你们自己
  himself/herself/itself-第三人称单数,他/她/它自己
  1) 列表
  数 单数 复数
  人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一 人称 第二人称 第三人称
  人称代词 I you he/she/it we you they
  反身代词 myself yourself yourself/herself/himself ourselves yourselves themselves
  另外:one的反身代词为oneself
  2)做宾语
  a. 有些动词需有反身代词,如absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave等.例如:
  We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心.
  Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼.
  b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词,如take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth等.例如:
  I could not dress(myself)up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己.
  注:有些动词后不跟反身代词,如:get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等.例如:
  Please sit down. 请坐.
  3) 用作表语,如结构be oneself.例如:
  I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服.
  4) 用作同位语
  The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要.
  5) 在不强调的情况下,but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可.如:No one but myself(me)is hurt.
  注意:
  a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语.
  (错) Myself drove the car.
  (对) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车.
  b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语.例如:
  Charles and myself saw it. 查尔斯和我看见了这件事.
  D.反身代词
  定义 人称代词的宾格或所有格词尾加“-self,-selves”的代词称为反身代词(Reflexive Pronoun),亦称复合人称代词(Compound Personal Pronoun).
  反身代词的用法
  (1)反身用法:及物动词的宾语即为主语本身的用法叫作反身用法.
  例A:The old man killed himself last night.
  (那个老人昨夜自杀了.)
  例B:We enjoyed ourselves very much at the party last night.
  (昨夜我们在宴会中过得很愉快.)
  例C:Help yourselves,please.
  (请各位不要客气.)
  解说 如各例句所示,各反身代词都是指其主语本身.这种用法有些已成为惯用表达法(例B),例如:
  例:He absented himself from school this morning.
  (他今天早晨缺席,没有到学校.)
  例:She seated herself by the window.
  (她拣了窗边的一个座位坐下来.)
  例:I was late this morning because I overslept myself.
  (今天早晨我迟到是因为我睡过头了.)
  例:Don't overeat yourself,or you'll get sick.
  (不要暴食,否则你会生病的)
  例:They dressed themselves up quickly and left the house.
  (他们匆匆地穿好衣服后就出去了.)
  (2)作介词的宾语用:也是属于反身用法.
  例A:The door opened of itself.
  (门自动地开了.)
  例B:I like to travel by myself.
  (我喜欢独自旅行.)
  例C:She was beside herself with grief.
  (她悲伤过度,神经失常了.)
  解说 例A的“of itself”是表示无外力干予,即“自动”的意思.例B的“by myself”是表示无外人参加,即“独自”的意思.例C的“beside herself”是表示脱离她本来的自我,即“失常,发疯”的意思.
  (3)表达强调
  例:I myself heard him say so yesterday.
  (我昨天亲自听他这么说的.)
  例:she did it herself.(=She herself did it.)
  (她自己做的.)
  例:The story itself is not interesting.
  (故事本身并不令人感到有趣)