复合不定代词的用法,我只要简洁的,准确的,

问题描述:

复合不定代词的用法,我只要简洁的,准确的,
越简洁越好

复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one,-body,-thing等所组成的不定代词.复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等十二个.这些复合代词具有名词性质,在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语.使用时注意以下几点:  一、复合不定代词的指代对象  1、含-body和-one的复合代词只用来指人,含-body的复合不定代词与含-one的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同,可以互换.只是用-body时显得较通俗些,多用于口语中,用-one时显得较文雅些,更常见于正式场合及书面语中.如:  Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room.有人在隔壁房间哭.  No one/Nobody is stupid. 没有谁是愚蠢的.  2、含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物.如:  Are you going to buy anything?你会去买东西吗?  I can hear nothing but your vioce. 我只听到了你的声音.  二、复合不定代词的属格  1、含-one和-body等指人的复合代词可有-'s属格形式.如:  Everybody's business is nobody's business.大家的事情没人管.  Is this anybody's seat? 这儿有人坐吗?  2、含-one和-body等指人的复合代词后跟else时,-'s属格应加在else之后.如:  Can you remember someone else's name? 你还记得其他人的姓名吗?  3、含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词没有-'s属格形式.  三、复合不定代词的数  1、复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,因此通常被看成是单数第三人称.当它们充当句子的主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式.如:  Is everyone here today? 今天,大家都到齐了吗?  Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人.  2、当要对一群人讲话时,可使用以复合不定代词作主语的祈使句,句中的动词用原形.如:  Nobody move!= Don' anybody move! 都别动!  Everyone lie down! 统统趴下!  四、复合不定代词的替代问题  由于复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,所以在正规的英语中用来替代它们的代词也应该是单数形式.  1、含-one和-body等指人的复合代词,其代词应该是he/she, him/her,其-'s属格形式的代词应该是his/her, his/hers.如:  Everyone has his/her own words. 每个人都有他(她)自己的说辞.  但是,这样一来就会因为性别的差异而使得在代词的运用上具有不确定性,所以为了避免这种别扭的情况,我们一般都是用they/them/their/theirs,尤其是在口语中以及非正式场合下.如:  No one gave you a ticket, did they? 没人给你票,是吗?  Someone came in, but I didn'tknow who they were. 有人进来了,但我不知道是谁.  2、含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词,不会因性别上的差异而使得在代词的运用上产生不确定性,因此我们就使用it.如:  Something goes wrong, doesn't it?出问题了,是吗?  五、复合不定代词的定语  复合不定代词的定语必须后置,即放在复合不定代词的后面.如:  Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗?  Is there anybody important here? 这儿有大人物吗?  Would you like something to eat? 要来些吃的东西吗?  六、含some-和any-的复合不定代词间的用法区别  由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词(即something和anything;someone和anyone;somebody和anybody)之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样.  1、something,someone,somebody通常用于肯定句中,而anything,anyone,anybody一般用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中.如:  He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情.  Do you have anything to say?你有话要说吗?  I can't meet anybody on the island. 在岛上,我没遇见任何人.  2、在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句,和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句,以及表示反问的问句中,也用something,someone,somebody等复合不定代词.如:  Would you like something to eat?要些吃的东西吗?  Isn't there something wrong with you? 难道你没问题吗?  3、当anything表示"任何事(物),无论何事(物)",anyone,anybody表示"无论谁,任何人"等意义时,它们也可以用于肯定句中.如:  Anything is OK. 什么都行.  Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案.  七、复合不定代词的否定  1、"not every-"表示的是部分否定,意为"并非都,不都".例如:  Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利.  The teacher didn't call everyone's name. 老师并没有点所有人的名.  2、"not any-"和no-均表示全否定.例如:  He listened, but heard nothing.他听了听,但什么也没听到.  = He listened, but didn't hear anything.  You haven't called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你没给谁打过电话,是吗?  = You have called no one/nobody up, have you?  八、复合不定代词作名词  复合不定代词可以充当名词用,表示".的事情(东西或人)".  1、someone/somebody, anyone/anybody的意义是"重要人物,大人物",everyone/everybody意为"最重要的人",no one/nobody则意指"无关紧要的人,小人物".例如:  2、something,anything的意义是"重要事情(东西)",everything表示"最重要的事情(东西)",nothing则指"毫无趣味的事情,无关紧要的东西".  九、合与分的区别问题  1、 someone,anyone,everyone都只能指人,且不和介词of连用;some one,any one,every one则既可指人又可指物,可与介词of连用.例如:  Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人.  ---Which toy would you like? ---Any one is OK. ---你要那个玩具?---随便.  2、no one(=nobody)"没有人",只用来指人,通常不和介词of连用;none"没有一个",既可以用来指人也可用来指物.例如:  No one can do it better. 没有人能做得更好.  None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them.这些问题没有一个是容易的,我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题.  回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用no one;回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用none.例如:  ---Who was late ? ---No one. ---谁迟到了?---谁也没有迟到.  ---How many pigs do you keep? ---None. ---你养几头猪?---一头也没养.