英语比较级
英语比较级
形容词、副词的比较级的用法既是该类语法的重点也是难点.研读历届高考题不难发现,高考对形容词和副词比较级的用法的考查涉及到了多个方面.为了便于同学们学习,下面笔者就其用法的一些重要结构作一归纳并附以练习,以期同学们对此能熟练掌握.
1.“as+adj/adv+as或not so(as)+adj/adv+as.”句型.该句型常用来描述两个比较对象的程度上的相似或不同(即平时说的“等级比较和不等级比较”).例如:
My computer is not so(as) expensive as yours.我的电脑不如你的贵重.
2.“as many/few+可数名词复数+as”或“as much/little(少的)+不可数名词+as”.前者描述数目上的接近,后者描述量的相近.例如:
You may borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少书就借多少.
“Drink as much water as you can.”the doctor said to him.医生对他说到:“你要尽可能的多喝些水.”
3.“主语+比较级+than any other…”结构表示:主语所描述的事物比其他任何一个都……比较级形式表示*含义.例如:
Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class.李明是他们班中最聪明的学生.
注意:若比较范围不同,than后应用“any+可数名词的复数形式+其他”.例如:
China is larger that any countries in Africa.中国比非洲上的任何国家都大.
4.诸如not,never之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用,表示*含义.意为:再没有比…更…的了.例如:
It is not a better idea.这是再好不过的一个办法了.
I have never heard such an interesting story.我从来没有听过比这更有趣的故事了.
5.“形容词+to”结构也可表示比较含义.例如:
This kind of car is superior in quality to that.这种汽车的质量比那一种好得多(superior to意为:优于;胜过.)
Li ping is three years senior to Liu Gang.李平比刘刚大三岁.(senior to意为:年长于;资格老于;地位高于.)
6.“no+比较级+than”结构表示对两个比较对象都进行否定(可由neither…nor…结构来改写).例如:
I’m no more foolish than you.我们俩都不傻.(相当于Neither I nor you is foolish.)
7.“not more+比较级+than”结构表示在程度上前者不如后者.例如:
This book is not more interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣.(相当于The book is less interesting than that one.)
8.“形容词比较级+than+形容词”,意为:与其…倒不如….例如:
Jack is much harder than clever.与其说杰克聪明,倒不如说他学习用功.
9.would rather…than,prefer…to…,prefer to do…rather than…这三个句型表示“宁愿…而不愿…;喜欢…胜过…;宁愿做…而不愿做…”含义.虽无比较级形式,但表示比较级含义.例如:
She would rather die than give in.她宁死不屈.
He preferred to go out rather than stay home.他宁愿出去也不愿呆在家里.
10.“The+比较级…,the+比较级…”.该结构意为“越…,越…”.例如:
The more difficult the questions are,the less likely he is able to answer them.问题越难,他回答出来的可能性就越小.
11.what有时也可以表示“比较”关系,说明两种事物的相同或相似性.what的该种用法常用于书面语,用来加强修辞效果,含有比喻含义,相当于as,意为“好比…;正如…;就像…一样”.what的该类用法共有3种情况:
(1)A is to B what C is to D
Twelve is two what twenty-four is to four.十二比二就等于二十四比四.
(2)what C is to D,A is to B
What food is to the body,a book is to the mind.书籍对于思想犹如食物对于身体.
(3)what C is to D,that A is to B
What the gun is to a soldier,that the pen is to a writer.作家的笔犹如战士的枪.