一玻璃球在空气中称其重为4.41N,在水中称其重为2.94N,在石油中其重为3.30N,求玻璃球和石油的密度.

问题描述:

一玻璃球在空气中称其重为4.41N,在水中称其重为2.94N,在石油中其重为3.30N,求玻璃球和石油的密度.


(1)玻璃球在水中的浮力F=G-F′=4.41N-2.94N=1.47N;
∵FgV
∴玻璃球的体积V=V=

F
ρg
=
1.47N
1×103kg/m3×9.8N/kg
=1.5×10-4m3
则玻璃球的密度ρ=
m
V
=
G
Vg
=
4.41N
1.5×10−4m3×9.8N/kg
=3×103kg/m3
(2)玻璃球在石油中受到的浮力为F=G-F″=4.41N-3.30N=1.11N;
∵FgV
∴石油的密度为ρ=
F
Vg
=
1.11N
1.5×10−4m3×9.8N/kg
≈0.75×103kg/m3
答:玻璃球和石油的密度分别为3×103kg/m3、0.75×103kg/m3