一玻璃球在空气中称其重为4.41N,在水中称其重为2.94N,在石油中其重为3.30N,求玻璃球和石油的密度.
问题描述:
一玻璃球在空气中称其重为4.41N,在水中称其重为2.94N,在石油中其重为3.30N,求玻璃球和石油的密度.
答
(1)玻璃球在水中的浮力F水=G-F′=4.41N-2.94N=1.47N;
∵F水=ρ水gV排,
∴玻璃球的体积V=V排=
=F水
ρ水g
=1.5×10-4m3;1.47N 1×103kg/m3×9.8N/kg
则玻璃球的密度ρ=
=m V
=G Vg
=3×103kg/m3;4.41N 1.5×10−4m3×9.8N/kg
(2)玻璃球在石油中受到的浮力为F油=G-F″=4.41N-3.30N=1.11N;
∵F油=ρ油gV排,
∴石油的密度为ρ油=
=F油
V排g
≈0.75×103kg/m3.1.11N 1.5×10−4m3×9.8N/kg
答:玻璃球和石油的密度分别为3×103kg/m3、0.75×103kg/m3.