大家分析下这句话的语法?the tai mahal was built in the seventeenth century forthe emperor shah jehan中的in后的和for后的是什么成分,如果in 后的时间状语的话,他不是应该在for 后吗?forthe 打错了是for the

都是介词宾语，,in the seventeenth century时间状语,for the emperor Shah Jehan是目的状语.

你是不是混淆了，时间状语与地点状语，一般先说地点再说时间，在这里for是“为了……”，表目的

The Taj Mahal was built in the seventeenth century for the emperor Shah Jehan. 泰姬陵于十七世纪为沙杰汗国王而建.
句子分析：
主语：The Taj Mahal
谓语：was built
时间状语： in the seventeenth century
目的状语：for the emperor Shah Jehan
两个状语都是介词短语,一前一后.没有规定谁前谁后.一般短一点的在前面,长一点的在后面.
这两个差不多,反过来也没有问题.
本文取自新概念英语第二册Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another,
的练习D中的一篇短文
将for the emperor Shah Jehan放后面还有一个原因是因为后面的句子是以he作主语.
The Taj Mahal was built in the seventeenth century for the emperor Shah Jehan. A few years after he had become ruler, his wife, Mumtaz-i-Mahal, died. The Taj Mahal was built in her honour. Experts were called in from many parts of the world to construct the domes and to decorate the walls. The Taj Mahal which was begunin 1632 and was completed in 1654, cost a fortune. Up to the present day it has been visited by millions of people.
高中英语教材阅读中是这样写的：
　The Taj Mahal was built by the Mogul emperor (皇帝) Shah Jehan, who ruled India in the seventeenth century. It is in memory of his favorite wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz Mahal, who died in 1631.
其实两种说法都可以.
上面主要表示的是,这泰姬陵是工匠们造的,为国王造的.国王不是为自己用的,为爱妻用的.
下面的表示这泰姬陵是国王花费人力,财力造的,为爱妻造的.

不存在“如果in 后的时间状语的话，它应该在for 后”，没有这样的说法。
（Taj Mahal (不是 tai mahal) 是emperor Shah Jahan 为其第三妻 Mumtaz Mahal 修的。不是为皇帝本人修的。）