宾语从句中虚拟语气的谓语动词的时态怎么选择?

拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议, 不是表示客观存在的事实, 因此虚拟语气常用在含有非真实条件从句的主从复合句中.虚拟语气的考查主要反映在单项选择、完成句子以及在完形填空、阅读理解等语篇中.
考点一：表示与现在事实相反的情况
【考例】If I one million yuan, I an expensive car first.
A. have, would buy B. has；will buy
C. had；would buy D. had；will buy
【简析】C.句意为：如果我有一百万元的话, 我就首先买一辆昂贵的小汽车.根据句意可知, 是对现在情况的虚拟, 故选C.
【点拨】表示与现在的事实相反, 条件从句中的谓语动词用“动词的一般过去时”, 主句谓语动词用“would (could, might, should)+动词原形”.

考点二：表示与过去事实相反的情况
【考例】If my father here last Saturday, he me from going to the party.
A. had been；would have stopped B. were, would stop
C. had been；would stop D. were；would have stopped
【简析】A.考查虚拟语气中主句和从句的时态.从时间状语last Saturday可知, 这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句, 故选A.
【点拨】表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 条件从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”, 主句用“should／could／might／would + have+过去分词”.

考点三：表示与将来事实相反的情况
【考例】If he tomorrow, he you.
A. should go；might tell B. will go；would tell
C. should go；will tell D. goes, might tell
【简析】 A.从时间状语tomorrow可知, 是对将来事实的虚拟, 故选A.
【点拨】表示与将来的事实相反, 条件从句中的谓语动词用“一般过去时、should+动词原形、were to+动词原形”, 主句谓语动词用“would(could, might, should)+动词原形”.

考点四：wish后接宾语从句时的动词形式
【考例】How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
【简析】B.wish后接的宾语从句, 表示与现在事实相反时, 谓语动词用一般过去时, 故选B.
【点拨】wish后接的宾语从句, 表示与现在事实相反时, 谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反时, 谓语用过去完成时.

考点五：suggest, insist, order等后接宾语从句时的动词形式
【考例】—The experiment was not a success.
—I suggest you again.
A. try B. tried C. will try D. would try
【简析】A.suggest表示“建议”, 后接宾语从句, 谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”.
【点拨】 suggest, order, insist等动词, 后接宾语从句时, 从句中的谓语用“(should)+动词原形”.

考点六：as if引导的表语从句的动词形式
【考例】Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it yesterday.
A. has happened B. happens C. was happening D. happened
【简析】D.句意为：Eliza确切地记得所发生的一切, 就好像发生在昨天一样.从句意可知, 本题是对现在情况的虚拟, 谓语用一般过去时, 故选D.
【点拨】as if引导表语从句, 谓语常用虚拟语气, 对现在情况的虚拟, 谓语用一般过去时；对过去情况的虚拟, 谓语用过去完成时.

考点七：省略if的条件句的用法
【考例】 , I would study hard.
A. If I am you B. If I had been you
C. Were I you D. Had I been you
【简析】C.从句意可知, 本题是对现在情况的虚拟, 从句的谓语用动词的过去式, 故选C.Were I you=If I were you.
【点拨】if引导的条件状语从句可以省略if, 而把从句中的动词were, had或should移到主语前面.