英语词汇辨析 involve contain include

involve
vt.[W]
1. 使卷入,连累;牵涉[(+in/with)]
That's no concern of mine. I'm not involved.
那与我无关,我未卷入.
Don't involve me in your quarrel!
不要把我牵扯进你们的争吵中!
2. 需要,包含,意味着[(+in)][+v-ing]
His work involves occasional journeys.
他的工作偶尔需要出差旅行.
3. 使专注,使忙于[(+in)]
He was involved in writing his doctoral dissertation.
他在聚精会神地写他的博士论文.
contain
vt.[W]
1. 包含;容纳
The jar contains ten glasses of water.
这只大口瓶能装十杯水.
The pill contains vitamins.
这药丸中含有多种维生素.
2. 控制,遏制
I could not contain my laughter.
我无法控制自己不笑出声来.
3. 相当于
A gallon contains four quarts.
一加仑相当于四夸脱.
4. 【数】可被...除尽
10 contains 5 and 2.
十可被五和二除尽.
include
vt.
1. 包括,包含[W][+v-ing]
The price includes both house and furniture.
价钱包括房子和家具.
2. 算入,包含于...里面
I include him among my friends.
我把他当作朋友.
contain 包含以作为整体的全部（需列举所有事物）
include 包含以作为整体的部分（不需要列举所有事物）
involve: 必须包含某种结果,牵涉,包含
include 和contain都指具体的物质的实体和它们的各部分,involve侧重于非实体的事物及要素.