在英语中什么是后置定语?

通常动词不定式、形容词和副词作后置定语的多,部分过去分词和现在分词也可以.下面是我归纳总结的,把一些常见的用法呈现给你,看了就会豁然开朗了.学英语贵在灵活,下次碰到相似之处就知是怎么回事了.希望对你有所益处.
1. 不定式
I need sth. to drink now.
Have you got anything to declare?
2. 形容词作后置的太多了.
英语中有些形容词习惯上用作后置定语,通常可以分成以下几类：
1）． 某些由过去分词转化而来的形容词通常后置
这类形容词主要有concerned(有关的),discussed(讨论过的),included(包括的),involved(牵涉到的),left(剩下的),needed(所需的)等,如：
The questions concerned/ involved have been all solved.
The problem discussed is very important.
The expenses are $200, postage included.
We had only three days left.
He took all things needed for the journey.
2）习惯用作后置定语的形容词
这类形容词主要有imaginable(可想象的), junior(小；年幼的), worth, present(出席的), proper(本身的), senior(老；年长的), suitable(合适的),available, responsible等,如：
We tried every method imaginable.
George W. Bush Jr. is more aggressive.
He is the only man suitable for the job.
This is the best way imaginable.
3）形容词修饰某些不定代词时须后置
这类代词主要有anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, somebody, someone, something等,如：
Anybody intelligent won’t do such a thing.
Have you anything interesting to tell us?
We have prepared everything necessary for the journey.
4） 形容词短语
The leaders present at the meeting totalled eight．出席会议的领导共有八人.
This is a subject worthy of careful study．这是一个值得仔细研究的问题.
a question different from this one
5）少量形容词后面可以加-ing分词构成可以后置的短语.
peasants busy getting in crops忙于收割庄稼的农夫们
a student long understanding the problem好不容易才弄懂这个问题的学生
6） 后置的形容词短语还可常由 “more…than”,“no more… than”和“not more…than”等比较级结构或“as… as”结构组成.
a student no more diligent than Tom一个和汤姆一样不勤奋的学生
a book as interesting as this one一本与此书同样有趣的书
这种结构同样可以采取分隔形式：
She is a girl as clever as Mary．
=She is as clever a girl as Mary．
她是一个像玛丽一样聪明的姑娘.
7） 有些表语形容词（一般多为a-开头）也可以置于名词之后,其功能相当于定语从句.如：alive , alike , alone , awake, sleep, afraid等.
the baby asleep那个熟睡的婴儿
the boy afraid of exams那个怕考试的男孩
8） 两个形容词用and 或or连接作定语,进一步说明被修饰名词的作用,此时须后置.例如：
Power stations , large and small , have been set up all over the country . 大大小小的水电站已经在全国各地兴建起来了.（划线部分相当于which are large and small）
Every book , new or old , should be put in the room . 不论新书还是旧书都应该放在这个房间里.（划线部分相当于which are new or old）
9） 形容词比较等级结构修饰名词时须后置.例如：
The Smiths need a car garage twice larger than this one . 史密斯夫妇需要一个比这个大一倍的车库.
He has booked the seat farthest from the door on the train for us . 他已经为我们预定了火车上离车门最远的座位.
10) “基数词+表示时间或度量单位的名词+形容词”结构可用来修饰名词,起定语作用.此时,该类结构的词组须后置.例如；
Yesterday , a Mr Brown , 28 years old , came to visit you . 昨天,一位二十八岁,自称是布朗先生的人来拜访过你.
There used to be a tall building about 50 metres high . 过去,这里曾经有一座大约50米高的大楼.
3. 过去分词作后置定语,多表示完成,可看成是省略句.
单个的分词修饰名词时,可以前置,也可以后置.
a stolen car=a car （that is ）stolen被盗的轿车
若用分词短语修饰名词,则应后置.如：
a girl (who is) interested in maths一位对数学感兴趣的姑娘
the man(who is) married to Helen那位与海伦结了婚的男人
4. 现在分词作后置定语,多表示正在进行或伴随状态,也可以看成是省略句.
The person （who is）lying on the floor is nearly dead
地板上躺着的人已经快死了
The boy thinking hard is my younger brother.
那个正努力思考的男孩是我弟弟.