he finished writing the composition in such a short time that surprised us all.

不可以啊
That he finished writing the copsition in such a short time suprised us all.
That he finished writing the copsition in such a short time 必须that在句首,引导主语从句的,这句才能做主语
suprised 谓语
us 宾语
或者可以这样说
It suprised us all that he finished writing the copsition in such a short time.
It 做 形式主语,真正主语还是 that he finished writing the copsition in such a short timeHe finished writing the composition in such a shor that he surprised us all.那如果这样呢这样就可以.such....that的句式了 和原句的句式几不同了.这种句型是不是成了同位语，that后要还要加个主语，哪个句子更高级啊不是同位语噢 such...that 太...以至于...引导的是结果状语从句that后面要有主语 哪种高级啊...个人愚见..都可以吧..He finished writing the composition in such a short that he surprised us all.这个就容易明白些吧