过去分词如何做后置定语?

过去分词作定语时的考查

过去分词作定语时,通常可替换某些定语从句.此时要注意两点:首先,在被替换的定语从句中,主语必须是作从句主语的关系代词;其次,定语从句中的谓
语动词通常使用表示已经完成的时态或被动语态.
例如:
1.Prices of daily goods_______through a computer can be lower than store prices.(2002北京春招)
A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying
思路分析:此题考查过去分词短语作后置定语的用法.我们可以把bought through还原成一个定语从句:Prices of daily goods that are bought through a computer...可知最佳答案为B项.
2.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_______the next year.
A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out
思路分析:此题考查see sb./sth. done句型.因the plan与carry out逻辑上是被动关系,故答案为C,其中that引导了一个定语从句.
3.The Olympic Games,_______in 776 B.C.,did not include women players until 1912.
A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing
思路分析:the Olympic Games与play之间是被动关系,故排除A、D项.B项是不定式的被动式,表示"未来",也可排除,因此,C项是对的.它相当于一个非限制性定语从句which were first played.
4.The first text books_______for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written
思路分析:A项不能作后置定语,B项表示未来的动作,C项表示正在进行的动作.text books与write之间是被动关系,而且原题中的the first text books与came out in the 16th century也可暗示考生选written,表被动且完成的意思,故答案为D项.
被动语态
英语中及物动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成.助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化.
可见,虽然都有被动的含义,但是过去分词做后置定语侧重强调状态,而被动语态则强调动作.
从结构上说,被动语态的都成需要借助be动词,而过去分词则不需要.