反义疑问句的特殊情况
反义疑问句的特殊情况
祈使句时,Let's时用shall we let us 时用will you
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关于反义疑问句,我的看法是这样的。(完全原创)
首先,要确定一点。反义疑问句的回答中,绝对不会出现yes,i don't或者no,i do的形式,意思就是说,字面上前面的和后面的肯定或否定一定是一致的。
接下来是反义疑问句中的最关键部分,就是翻译时候的注意事项。
例子,you are a student,aren’t you?
楼主,当你下次见到这种句子时,首先看这一句话的前面一句是肯定还是否定。
这一句you are a student是肯定。
好!注意在回答的是后,yes就是代表肯定,也就是说yes翻成“是的”。yes,i am。就是“是的,我是个学生”。反过来意思也是完全相反的。
难点是类似的一句话,you are not a student,are you?yes,i am a student。?
这里回答yes,翻译的时候千万要注意,这是反义疑问句的最难点,要翻译成“不”(这里的yes就把它看成对问句否定语气的肯定),之前说了,前后字面肯定否定一致,所以后面自然要说“i am a student”,中文的意思就是“不,我是个学生”。
同样,no,i am not a student。就是“是的,我不是个学生”。
综上,当反义疑问句的主句是否定时这是难点。回答是“yes”翻成“不”。“no”翻成“是”。其他的都一样。
另,不仅是反义疑问句。这种情况,请看对话:-i won't get married.
-yes,you will.
这个时候怎么翻译,楼主看了我的解释以后就应该知道了吧!
另外,let's的问题,let‘s go的意思是“让我们一起走吧”,表示一种提议,动作的执行者是我们,所以后面是shall we。但是let us go是典型的祈使句,甚至有点请求的意思,比如说被绑架了,求别人放我走,就说let me go。(让我走吧!)这是后面自然用will you。这样理解比较容易记忆,确实也是最正确的理解。
可能有解释的不清楚的地方,楼主认真看,会有收获的。希望能帮到你。
原则:前肯后否,前否后肯,人称一致,时态一致。
特殊用法:
1、Let's引导用shall we?陈述部分为Let us……时,问句部分习惯上用will you?形式,但也可以用won't you?
2、反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义,问句部分用否定形式。
3、反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时,问句部分用肯定式。
4、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am……的肯定句时,问句部分习惯上用aren’t I?表示。
5、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时,问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。
6、陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything、指示代词this,that、不定式to do,doing时,问句部分默认单数。
7、陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)、指示代词these,those时,问句部分的主语用he或 they,但常用复数。这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。
8、there be句型中,问句仍用there be来做。
反意疑问句是英语四大问句之一,它是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句而构成的.反意疑问句的基本构成形式是:陈述句+动词(肯定或否定)+主语?如:
①She often has lunch at school, doesn’t she? ②You don’t like sports, do you?
使用反意疑问句要注意以下若干对应规则:
一、 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系,即:
肯定+否定? 否定+肯定?如:
①You can’t do it, can you? ②They are very late for the meeting, aren’t they?
二、 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致.如:
①He has supper at home every day, doesn’t he? (不能用hasn’t he?)
②They have known the matter, haven’t they? (不能用don’t they?)
三、 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致.如:
①They will go to town soon, won’t they?(不能用don’t they?或 aren’t they?)
②He works very hard, doesn’t he?(不能用didn’t he?或won’t he?)
四、 反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义,问句部分用否定形式.如:
①Your father is unhappy, isn’t he?(不能用is he?)
②The man is dishonest, isn’t he? (不能用is he?)
③It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn’t it?(不能用is it ?)
五、反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时,问句部分用肯定式.如:
①She never tells a lie, does she?(不用doesn’t she?)
②He was seldom late, was he?(不用wasn’t he?)
六、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am……时,问句部分习惯上用aren’t I?表示.如:
I am a very honest man, aren’t I?
七、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时,问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致.如:
①I think that he has done his best, hasn’t he?
②We think that English is very useful, isn’t it? (不用don’t we?)
八、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) don’t think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句时,从句为否定意义,问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式.如:
①I don’t think that you can do it, can you? (不用do I?)
②We don’t believe that the news is true, is it? (不用do we?)
九、反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时,问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致.如:
①They all think that English is very important, don’t they? (不用isn’t it?)
②He didn’t think that the news was true, did he? (不用wasn’t/ was it?)
十、反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked……) + that从句时,问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致.如:
①They said that you had finished your work, didn’t they? (不用hadn’t you)
②Kate told you that she would go there, didn’t she? (不用wouldn’t she?)
十一、陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时,问句部分的主语用it.如:
①Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it?②Nothing has happened to them, has it?
十二、陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)时,问句部分的主语用he或 they,这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致.如:
①Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he?
②Everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t they?
十三、陈述部分为Let me……时,问句部分习惯上用shall I? 或will you?形式.如:
Let me have a try, shall I?(will you?)
十四、陈述部分为Let us……时,问句部分习惯上用will you?形式.如:
Let us stop to rest, will you?
十五、陈述部分为Let’s……时,问句部分习惯上用shall we?形式.如:
Let’s go home together, shall we?
十六、陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时,问句部分一般用will you?形式表示请求,用won’t you?形式表示委婉请求或邀请.如:
①Do sit down, won’t you?/ will you? ②You feed the bird today, will you?
③Please open the window, will you?(won’t you?)
十七、陈述部分为否定祈使句时,问句部分一般用will you?形式.如:
Don’t make any noise, will you?
十八、陈述部分为There (Here) + be + 主语时,问句部分用动词+there(here)?形式.如:
①There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there? ②Here is a story about Mark Twain, isn’t here?
十九、陈述部分用had better +原形动词表示建议时,问句部分用hadn’t +主语?形式.
①You’d better tell him about the matter, hadn’t you?
②We had better do it by ourselves, hadn’t we?
二十、陈述部分用used to +主语时,问句部分用didn’t + 主语?或usedn’t +主语?形式.
①He used to live in the country, didn’t he?/usedn’t he?
②They used to be good friends, didn’t they?/usedn’t they?
二十一、陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时,若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语,问句部分动词用过去时形式.如:
①He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn’t he?
(不用mightn’t he?/ hasn’t he?)
②You must have got up late this morning, didn’t you?(不用mustn’t you?/haven’t you?)
二十二、陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时,若句中没有带明显的过去时间的状语,问句部分动词用现在完成时形式.如:
①Everyone must have known the death of the waitress, haven’t they? (不用mustn’t they?)
②You must have worked there a year ago, didn’t you?(不用mustn’t you?/ haven’t you?)
二十三、陈述部分的主语为从句时,问句部分的主语一般用it代替,如:
①What he said is true, isn't it? (不用didn’t he?)
②Where we will build the dam has not been decided yet, has it? (不用won’t we?)
二十四、陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时,问句的主语用it代替.如:
①To do one good deed is easy for a person, isn't it?
②Skating is your favorite sport, isn't it?