surprise的用法

be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
表示某种情绪、心情的起因时，常用at…这一介词短语，表示“听到…”或“看到…”而…
We were surprised at his arrival（到达）.

1、in surprise与to one's surprise的区别
1）in surprise意为“惊奇地”常位于动词之后作状语,表示方式.如：
John turned around and looked at me in surprise．
约翰转过身来,惊奇地望着我.
“A farmer?” said the Frenchman in surprise．
“农夫?”那个法国人惊奇地说道.
He looked at me in surprise．他吃惊地看着我.
2）to one's surprise或to the surprise of sb．意为“使某人吃惊的是”、“出乎意料地”,常位于句首,作状语,表示行为的结果.类似的结构有：
to one's joy/delight/pleasure使某人高兴的是
to one's sorrow使某人悲伤的是
to one's satisfaction使人满意的是
有时为了强调产生某种情感的程度,可在to后面的名词前加great, deep等形容词或在to前加副词much.如：
To the surprise of the young couple, they found the necklace missing．
使这对年轻夫妇惊奇的是,他们发现项链不见了.
To their great joy, the sailors saw land at last．
水手们终于见到陆地了,他们兴奋不已.
Much to my surprise, she failed in the examination．
使我非常奇怪的是,她考试没及格.
To my surprise, the door was unlocked．使我吃惊的是,门没有锁.
to my surprise = to the surprise of me = much to my surprise
2、take…by surprise的含义
短语动词take…by surprise意为使……吃惊,使……出其不意,对……进行突然袭击等.如：
I took him by surprise and he had no time to think of an excuse.
我（的询问）使他出乎意料,他没有时间想出借口.
She was so taken by surprise at his rudeness that she burst into tears.
她对他的粗鲁行为毫无思想准备,以至突然哭了起来.
The enemy took the town by surprise. 敌军对该城实行突然攻击.
He took her by surprise．She hadn't expected him．他使她大吃一惊,她没有想到他会来.
Their visit took me by surprise．他们的造访使我大吃一惊.
3、be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
表示某种情绪、心情的起因时,常用at…这一介词短语,表示“听到…”或“看到…”而…
We were surprised at his arrival（到达）.
The child was frightened at the noise .
The teacher was glad at our progress.
I am surprised at you . 我对你的举动感到诧异.(系表结构)
注意：参考资料里还有