学英语千万别想当然
学英语千万别想当然
学英语千万别想当然所谓想当然,即凭主观推测认为事情大概如此或应该如此。既然是凭主观做出的推测,自然就难免有出错的时候。有趣的是,犯想当然错误的不仅仅是我们的同学们,有时也可能是教师甚至专家们。我们首先来看一例专家犯的想当然错误:国内不少词典曾把 eat one’s words 译为“食言”,但是我们查《现代汉语词典》,“食言”指不履行诺言或失信,而英语中eat one’s words是什么意思呢? 我们查《朗文当代英语词典》,eat one’s words的意思是 to admit to having said something wrong (承认说过错误的话);再查《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(第4版),eat one’s words 的意思是 to admit that what one said was wrong(承认自己说错话)。很显然,将 eat one’s words 译为汉语的“食言”是不对的,是想当然译出来的。笔者曾在一本杂志上读过这样一个笑话,说的是一位英国著名的翻译家在翻译我国的古典名著《水浒传》时,遇上了一句“放你妈的狗屁”,他竟想当然地将其译为Your mother passes wind like a dog (你妈妈放屁像狗一样),真是天大的笑话。下面我们再来看看同学们经常犯的想当然错误吧。这里给同学们提个建议,请先自己独立思考,选出你认为的最佳答案,然后再与题后的解析对照,看看你是否 take it for granted:1. When I entered, I found that she was reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes.A. a, tear B. a piece of, tearsC. a, tears D. a piece of, tear【解析】此题容易误选D,想当然地根据news(消息)和 paper(纸)均为不可数名词,推出newspaper(报纸)也是不可数名词;同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”,“水”不可数,“泪水”和“眼泪”也应该不可数。但非常有趣的是,newspaper(报纸)和 tear(眼泪)却是两个可数名词,如可说 a newspaper, two newspapers, a tear, two tears 等。注:若不是将 newspaper 当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西,而只是把它当成一种“纸”来看待,也可用作不可数名词,如:Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用张报纸包起来。2. Every minute should be made full use of _____ the lessons.A. to study B. study C. studying D. studied【解析】此题容易误选C,认为介词后接动词时要用动名词。其实此题的正确答案是A,注意此句谓语为被动语态,假若将此句转换成主动语态,则是 We should make full use of every minute to study the lessons, 用的是 make use of … to do sth(利用……做某事)这一结构。另外,还有 make the most of (尽量利用),make the best of(尽量利用)等短语也可能用于此类试题。请再看另外一例:The only way that she thought of _____ enough money was to sell her hair.A. get B. to get C. got D. getting答案应选B,而不是选D。句子主语是 the only way,that she thought of 是修饰主语的定语从句,不定式 to get enough money 也是修饰主语的定语,也就是说,句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。全句意为“她想到的弄到足够钱的唯一办法就是把自己的头发卖掉”。3. “Is he a man with good manners?” “No, he is _____ but polite.”A. anything B. anyone C. anybody D. anywhere【解析】此题容易误选B或C,因为句子主语指人,似乎只有B、C才与之一致。其实,正确答案应选A。因为 anything but 是习语,意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”,不仅可用于事物,也可用于人。如:That old bridge is anything but safe. 那座桥一点也不安全。My income is anything but large. 我的收入绝对不算多。The fight is anything but finished. 战斗绝没有结束。Her father was anything but a poet. 她父亲根本不是诗人。Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。[1][2][3]下一页 说明:引用此文请注明出处,并请保留该文章链接地址,谢谢~~4. The children all looked _____ at the broken model plane and felt quite _____.A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad【解析】此题容易误选A,想当然地认为 look 和 feel 均为连系动词,所以在其后接形容词作表语。其实,句中的 look 并不是连系动词,而是实义动词(注意与之搭配的介词 at),所以正确答案应是 D。请再看下面一道题:We don’t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don’t want him to smell ____.A. well, well B. bad, bad C. well, badly D. badly, bad这是1995年一道上海高考题,此题最佳答案为D。第一个 smell 为实义动词,意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”,smell badly 意为“嗅觉差”;第二个 smell 为连系动词,意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”,smell bad 意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好,但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。5. He likes living alone, and says that he wants to go and live in a place _____ nobody knows.A. where B. that C. when D. what【解析】有的同学一看到 place 是表示“地点”的名词,于是就毫不犹豫地选了A,但是错了,最佳答案应是B。表示“地点”的名词后到底是用 where 还是用 that 或 which 来引导定语从句,原则上应注意以下两点:一是看关系词的句法功能。由于 where 是关系副词,它在