英语中的就近原则适用于什么词组?
英语中的就近原则适用于什么词组?
也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。
编辑本段I.
在正式文体中:
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:"there be+句型; or ; either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。
e.g. ①What he does or what he says does not concern me.
他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong .
你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame.
不是你,而是你的父亲该受责备。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong.
不仅你错了,他也错了。
2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②There is a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
③There are some books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有几本书和一支钢笔。
编辑本段II.
非正式文体中:
有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g.
Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和她当时都不在那儿。(非正式)
Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)
但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
Not only but(also). There be. Neither nor. Either or. Not but.
当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致.例如:
Either the teacher or the students are our friends.
Neither he nor they are wholly right.
Neither they nor he is wholly right.
Is neither he nor they wholly right?
there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语.如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致,即就近一致.例如:
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
There is a desk and two chairs in the room.