speak tell talk say 四个单词的具体用法区别?

speak 通常用于打电话，例如：A：Hello，this is A speaking.(您好，这里讲话的是A)B：Hello!
tell讲故事，说谎：tell a story；tell a lie;
talk谈论，讨论（话题），聊天：talk about...;
say说话的具体内容：He says，“.......”
注意体会

我用短语的形式来说吧：
sb. speaks +language
tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb.
talk with sb. about sth.
say sth. to sb.
这里可以看到，speak一般是用于讲某国语言的时候应用，tell和talk的用法如短语，另外say还有一些固定短语如 they say ..或者 it is said...（都是据说的意思）

TALK是和某人说话 TALK TO
TELL是告诉某人 TELL SB STH/TELL STH TO SB
SPEAK加语言 SPEAK ENGLISH
SAY后一定要有宾语
具体点就是(1) speak强调单方的“说”或“讲”,作不及物动词时,指说话的能力和方式；作及物动词时,其后的宾语为某种语言.speak to sb.表示“同某人说话”.
1．Did you speak at the class meeting? 你在班会上发言了吗?
2. Jim speaks Chinese pretty well. 吉姆汉语说得相当好.
3. Mr. Wang can speak a little French. 王先生能讲一点儿法语.
4. May I speak to Jack? 我可以和杰克通话吗?（此句常用于打电话用语中）
(2)talk的意思是“谈话,谈论”,强调双方“交谈”,一般用作不及物动词,与介词to或with连用,表示“与……交谈”.当谈及关于某人或某事时,后接介词to或about.
1. Peter and Ken are talking on the phone. 彼得和肯正在电话中交谈.
2. Nancy’s father is talking with her teacher.
南希的父亲正在和她的老师谈话.
3. Nancy and her pen friend are talking in English.
南希和她的笔友正用英语交谈.
4. --What are they talking about? 他们正在谈论什么?
--They are talking about the English exam.他们正谈论这次英语考试.
(3)say意为“说出”“说过”,强调说话的内容,也可与to连用,say to sb.意为“对某人说”.
1. Mr. Lee often says“hello”to us with a smile.
李先生常带微笑着向我们问好/打招呼.
2. Can you say the word in English. 你能用英语说这个单词?
3. “I did not do my homework,” the boy said.
“我没有做我的作业,” 这个男孩说.
4. He said to me, “I am a student from Class Eight, Grade Seven.”
他对我说,“我是七年级八班的一名学生.”
(4)tell意为“讲述”“告诉”,作及物动词时,指把一件事或一个故事讲出来,有连续诉说之意.如：tell the truth说实话,tell a story讲故事.tell也可接双宾语结构或复合宾语结构.如tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事；tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事；tell sb.（not）to do sth.告诉某人（不要）去做某事.有关这一点我已在期末前的句子成分中讲过了.
1. What did your friend tell you five minutes ago?
五分钟前你朋友告诉了你什么?
2. The policeman told the two children not to ride a bike quickly. It`s too dangerous.
那个警察告诉那两个孩子骑自行车不要太快,那太危险了.
3. Can you tell me something about your pen friend?
你能不能请告诉我关于你的笔友的一些事情?
4. Mike’s grandfather often tells him an interesting story before he goes to bed.
迈克的爷爷常常在他睡觉前给他讲一个有趣的故事.