怎样判断定语从句中关系代词和关系副词所作的成分?

问题描述:

怎样判断定语从句中关系代词和关系副词所作的成分?

楼上的讲得太复杂了,吓死人。
其实,有个简单的办法:
把定语从句拆分成两个简单句。然后,
一,如果仅仅重复了先行词,就肯定是关系代词。例如,HE SHOWED ME THE HOUSE ---HE BOUGHT LAST MONTH。填什么?关系代词还是关系副词?分成两句看看。
1,HE SHOWED ME THE HOUSE 。2。HE BOUGHT THE HOUSE LAST MONTH。你可以看到仅仅重复了THE HOUSE所以填关系代词
二拆分后,如果重复的先行词前还要加介词,就肯定填关系副词。例如HE SHOWED ME THE HOUSE ---HE MET HER LAST MONTH。拆开后第一句HE SHOWED ME THE HOUSE 。第二句HE MET HER IN THE HOUSE LAST MONTH。
你看先行词重复了但前面多了IN ,
所以,用关系副词
先行词是时间的也一样。

判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词.例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出.)
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where,when联系在一起.此两题错在关系词的误用上.
方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词.例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one
例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one答案:
例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句:This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句:This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where,that,on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D.
而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语.而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A.
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who,whom,that,which,whose);
先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) .