求besides,except,except for 三词之间的区别

1. besides
1）介词：除了……外，还有……
There are in China fifty-five minorities besides the Hans. 中国除了汉族以外，还有五十五个少数民族。
What have you done besides reading the newspaper? 除了看报，你还干了些什么？
2）副词：此外，除此之外
Besides, I want you to promise me one thing. 此外，我还要你答应我一件事。
This house belongs to John, and he owns one other besides. 这间房子是约翰的，此外他还有一间。
2. except
1）跟名词或代词
They all went to sleep except the young Englishman. 他们都去睡觉了，除了那个年轻的英国人。
2）跟介词短语
We never dreamt of going out except for exercise.除了出去运动，我们没想到要出去。
3）跟动词不定式
It had no effect except to make him angry.除了令他生气了，一点效果也没有。
4）跟从句
I would go with you, except that I have to work that day.除非那天我要工作，否则我会和你一起去的。
3. except for 除了[某些方面或特征等]之外
Your picture is excellent except for some of the colours. 除了一些色彩外，你的这幅画很好。
Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.除了一些拼写错误，你的作文挺不错。
4. but 介词，多与no，not，every，any以及它们组成的复合词，all，who等连用。表示“除去，除开”，通常亦可译成“只……”。
He seldom talked of anything but painting. 除了绘画，他很少谈及其他东西。
I haven't told anybody but you. 我只告诉了你。（除了你我没告诉别人了。）
Nobody but Jenny surprised me. 只有詹尼令我吃惊。（除了詹尼没有别人令我吃惊了。）
Put it anywhere but on the floor. 把它放在哪里都可以，就是别放在地上。
We had no choice but to arrive late. 除了迟到，我们别无选择。
They did nothing but complain. 他们只是一个劲儿地埋怨。
如果but后面跟的是形容词，常译作“恰恰不，才不……”
She's anything but considerate. 她才不体贴呢。

except,besides,except for用法的关联和区别
1.作介词用法时,这三个词都有"除…之外"的含义,但except常与do／does／did／have／has／hadnothing等词形成搭配用法,或者与全部肯定词all、everything、ev?eryone等连用,或者与全部否定词nothing、nobody等连用,因此except加宾语作介词"除…之外"时常表示从整体中剔除一部分；而besides作"除…之外"时则表示"另外附加"的含义,相当于"in addition to".试比较下列例句:
1)He did not hing except watch TV yesterday.
2)He said nothing except to smile just now.
3)All the students took at rip except Tom yesterday.
4)We need 3 more persons to finish the job besides／inaddition to us two.
2.作介词用法时的except后可接多种情况的介词短语.在这种情况下,except后的介词是不可省去的,except加介词的实际作用就相当于连词加相关的从句.例如:
1)The weather is fine today except in the northwest.此句相当于:
The weather is fine today except that it is in the northwest.
2)His mother never takes any exercise except on the dance floor.此句相当于:
His mother never takes any exercise except that she has adance on the floor.
需要强调的是except与exceptfor的用法区别:
1)Except后排除的内容与主语往往是同一类的,而exceptfor后所排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的.例如,试比较:
All the buildings are excellent except this one.
All the buildings are excellent except for their location或者All the buildings are excellent except that the place on which the buid?ings are built is notgood.
2)当except用在句首时往往改用exceptfor.例如:
There was no single person in the dark street that night except apoliceman on his duty.此句相当于:
Except for apoliceman on his duty,there was no single person in the dark street that night.
3.相当于连词用法的except与相当于连词用法的besides的区别仍然保持它们作介词用法的含义.试比较下列例句:
1)Tom is a good student ex?cept that he is careless.此句相当于:Tom is a goods tudent except for his carelessness.
2)Tom seldom comes late to school except when it rains hard.此句相当于:Tom seldom comes late to school except on a heavily rainy day.