我经常被动词不定式在什么情况下主动态表示被动意义给迷糊,谁能给我说说?

问题描述:

我经常被动词不定式在什么情况下主动态表示被动意义给迷糊,谁能给我说说?

主动形式表被动意义的情况
1.某些感官动词,如look,feel,sound,taste,smell等常用主动形式表示被动意义.例如:
His conclusion certainly sounded reasonable.
他的结论听起来确实有道理.
This kind of flower smells sweet.
这种花闻起来很香.
2.不及物动词sell,wash,write,lock,shut,close,open,read,wear等,常用主动形式表示被动意义.
例如:His pen writes smoothly.
他的笔书写流畅.
The window won”t shut.
这窗子关不上.
This type of TV set sells well.
这种电视机销路很好.
3.prove用作系动词时,用主动形式表被动意义.例如:
These methods have proved quite effective.
这些办法证明是很有成效的.
He proves(to be)honest.
他被证明是诚实的.
4.be worth后常加动词的主动形式表被动意义.例如:
The book is well worth reading.
这本书很值得一读.
This film is worth going to see.
这部电影值得去看.
5.need,want,require,won”t bear,deserve等动词后用动名词的主动形式表被动意义.句中主语是动名词意义上的宾语.若动名词是不及物动词,其后应加相应介词.例如:
The flowers need / want / require watering.
这些花需要浇水.
The problem required paying special attention to.
这个问题需要特别注意.
以上几个动词除bear外,也可以用不定式的被动语态来表示.例如:
Your hair needs to be cut./ Your hair needs cutting.
你的头发该理了.
6.某些动词的进行时可表被动意义,如print,cook,build,burn,show等.例如:
What”s showing at the cinema this week?本周电影院放映什么电影?
Her novel is reprinting (being reprinted).
她的小说正被再次印刷.
The bridge is building(= being built).
那座桥正在被修建.
7.to let(出租),to blame(责备)只用主动形式表被动意义.
例如:This flat is to let.
这套公寓出租
Who is to blame for it?
这要怪谁?
8.在there be句型中,可以用主动形式表被动意义.例如:
There is nothing to read.
没东西值得看.
There is nothing to do now.
现在没事可做.
There is nothing to worry about.
没有什么可担心的.
9.有些形容词后接不定式作状语时,常用主动形式表被动意义.此类形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,cheap,expensive,fit,nice,good,funny,exciting,light,heavy,dangerous,comfortable,delicious等.动词是不及物动词时要加相应的介词.例如:
The fish is delicious to eat.
这鱼好吃.
The ground is too hard to dig.
地硬得没法挖.
The chair is comfortable to sit on.
这把椅子坐起来很舒服.
10.不定式作后置定语,与所修饰的词有动宾关系,又与句中名词或代词有主谓关系,这时不定式用主动形式表被动意义.不定式为不及物动词时,其后应加相应介词.例如:
Do you have anything to say?
你还有什么话要说吗?
He is a pleasant person to work with.
他是一个很好共事的人.