语法结构都包括哪些
语法结构都包括哪些
你好,以下是你要的最全面,最准确的语法结构,请仔细查看:
英语的句子有6种基本结构
1.主语+系动词+表语(A is B.)
[例句] 哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一.
Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students.
2.主语+及物动词+宾语(A does B.)
[例句]这些传统,对今天中国人的价值观念、生活方式和中国的发展道路,具有深刻的影响.
These traditions have exerted a profound impact on the values and way of life of the Chinese people, and on China’s road of development today.
3.主语+不及物动词(A leaves.)
[例句]1847年,中国最早的一批留美学生容闳等人赴美求学.
In 1847, Chinese student Rong Hong and others came to the United States as the first group of Chinese students to study here.
4.主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物)(A gives B something.)
[例句]昨天,我参观了国际商用机器公司、美国电话电报公司和贝尔实验室,领略了当代科技发展的前沿成就.
My visit to IBM, AT&T and the Bell laboratory yesterday gave me some first-hand knowledge of the latest successes in modern science and technology.
5.主语+及物动词+复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)(A tells B to do something)
[例句]今天,正在为实现现代化而奋斗的中国人民,把对外开放作为一项基本国策.
Today, the Chinese people who are struggling to achieve modernization have made the opening-up a basic state policy.
6.There+系动词+主语(There is a man.)
[例句]在*市场经济国家企业类型有多种多样.
There are many types of businesses in a free-market economy.
英语语句基本结构分析
(一)主谓宾结构:
1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等.主语一般在句首.注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America. He made a speech.Tow and tow is four.
To be a teacher is my dream.Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.
2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后.谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,
eg:We come. Many changes took place in my home town.
注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如:come, go 等)
3、宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等.除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语.
eg:I will do it tomorrow. The boy needs a pen.I like swimming.
I like to swim this afternoon.
(二)主系表结构:
1、主语:同‘主谓宾’结构.
2、谓语:联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变和感官动词如:feel, touch, hear, see等.其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语.
3、表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等.可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词(1)当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别.
eg: He became a teacher at last.His face turned red.
(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词
eg: He looks well.他面色好. It sounds nice.这个听起来不错.
I feel good.我感觉好.The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻.
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
(三)There be 结构:
There be 表示‘存在有’.这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆.
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩.)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’.
二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示.
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前.若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);
或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后.副词用作定语时须放在名词之后.
(一)形容词作定语: The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔.
(二)数词作定语相当于形容词: Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔.
(三)形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语:
His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔.
There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩.
(四)介词短语作定语:
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔.
The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆.
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩.
(五)名词作定语:The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔.
副词作定语: The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔.
不定式作定语: The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔.
(六)分词(短语)作定语:
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔.
(七)定语从句:
The boy who is reading needs a pen.那个在阅读的男孩需要一支钢笔.
三、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前.有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教 室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom, the boy calls the girl.'
(一)副词(短语)作状语:
The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔.(程度状语)
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.
男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔.(宾语较长则状语前置)
The boy needs a pen now./Now, the boy needs a pen. /The boy,now,needs a pen./
男孩现在需要一支钢笔.(时间状语)
(二)介词短语作状语:
In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔.(地点状语)
Before his mother, Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)
On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
(三)分词(短语)作状语:
He sits there, asking for a pen.他坐在那儿要一支笔.(表示伴随状态)
Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔.(原因状语)
(四)不定式作状语:
The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业.(目的状语)
(五)名词作状语:
Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语)
(六)状语从句:
时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句,比较状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句
四、直接宾语和间接宾语:
(一)特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.
(二)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示.这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语.间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前.一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语.
e.g.: Give me a cup of tea, please.
强调间接宾语顺序为:
动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语.e.g.: Show this house to Mr. Smith..