关于高中英语语法填空问题（重赏）

状语从句
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语.一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、
地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式.尽管种类较多,但由于
状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难.状语从句的关键
是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点.现分别列举
如下:
1．时间状语从句
引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since,
till, until, the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,
the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when,
scarcely … when
I didn't realize how special my father was until I was 18.
While Tom was watching TV, his wife was reading.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I take your advice, I get into trouble.
2．地点状语从句
引导词：where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should bring the mp3 player with you.
3．原因状语从句
引导词：because, since, as, since, seeing that, now that, in that,
considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as,
insomuch as
Now that everybody has come, let's begin our clas.
Considering that he is no more than 10 years old, his height of
1.60 m is not normal.
4．目的状语从句
引导词：so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that,
in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked his secretary to give him the letter so that he could
send it out himself.
The instructor raised his voice that the students at the back could
hear more clearly.
5．结果状语从句
引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that, such that, to the
degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first train.
It's such a good chance that we must not miss it.
6．条件状语从句
引导词：if, unless, as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that,
suppose that, in case that, on condition that
We'll start our project if the manager agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall call off the meeting.
7．让步状语从句
引导词：though, although, even if, even though, as(用在让步状语从句中
必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the
fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however,
whichever
Much as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal.
he old man always enjoys swimming even though it is cold.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
8．比较状语从句
引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较), 特殊引导词：the more …
the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y;
no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器.
9． 方式状语从句
引导词：as, as if, how, the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出.
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等.
关系副词有：when, where, why等. 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书.
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作宾语 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了.
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方.
18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词.例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题,再显示答案,横线；用不同的颜色表示出.）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句.
1.语序是指特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述句语序
1Tom asked what had happened .
2.The doctor ask what’s wrong with you ! // what’s the matter //trouble with you .
3.Which do you think is the most important invention ? （ 插入语 ）
4.Where do you thinkthe meeting will be held ?
2.时态是指宾语从句的主句时态分为两种时态
含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：
1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态.如：
I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来.
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了.
2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式.如：
The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁.
He asked his father how it happened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的.
3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时.如：
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说地球绕着太阳转.：
The teacher said the sun rises from the east and sets in the west .
The teacher said the light runs faster than the sound .
The teacher said Japan is in the east of Asia .
3要素是指：时态,语序,引导词
4.类型是指：A：由that 引导的宾语从句.B：由疑问词引导的宾语从句.
C： 由if \ whether引导的宾语从句.D：由情感形容词引导的宾语从句.
（其中介词引导的宾语从句包含其中）
常用的情感形容词有：sure,本afraid ,glad ,pleased ,happy ,worried ,sad ,sorry
连接词
1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略.如：
He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作.
2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”.如：
I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿.
但在下列情况下只能用whether：
①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）.如：
Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来.
I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服.
I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我们是去还是留.
②在介词之后用whether.如：
I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语.
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情.
③在不定式前用whether.如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人.
I don't know whether to go．我不知去否.
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去.
④whether置于句首时,不能换用if.如：
Whether this is true or not,I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来.
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether.如：
Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题.
The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车.
⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether.如：
Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：
a．Please let me know whether you like the book．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书.
b．If you like the book,please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我.
3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导.如：
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告诉我今天早上你为什么迟到吗?