过去式 过去分词

问题描述:

过去式 过去分词

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不规则动词过去式和过去分词
A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.
cost----cost----costcut----cut----cut put----put----put
let----let----let set----set----sethit----hit----hit
shut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurtread---read----read 读音 /e/

lie---lied---lied说谎lay---laid---laid 放置,下蛋
lay--- lain 躺下,位于,平放
eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.
She _____ her books on the table. ____
B.过去式与过去分词完全相同
1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是[ :t]
bright----brought----broughtthink----thought----thoughtbuy----bought----bought
catch----caught----caughtteach ---- taught ----taught
2. 动词原形中的e为o,变成过去式和过去分词.
get----got----got sell----sold----sold tell----told----told

3. 动词原形中i为a, … sit----sat----satspit----spat----spat

4. 动词原形中i为o, …win----won----won shine----shone/ shined----shone/ shined
5. 动词原形中an为oo, … stand----stood---stood understand----understood----understood
6. 动词原形中的ay为ai,… say----said----saidpay----paid----paid
7. a)动词原形中的d为t,… send----sent----sent lend----lent----lent
spend----spent----spent build----built----built
b ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , …smell----smelt----smelt lose----lost----lost
c ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, …learn----learnt----learnt mean----meant----meant读音/e/
d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/
feel----felt----felt sleep----slept----sleptsweep---swept----swept
keep---- kept----- kept
其它meet----met----met have----had----had hold----held----held
make----made----madedig----dug----dughear----heard----heard
find----found----found   hang----hung ----hung

C.原型与过去分词相同
come----came----comerun----ran----run become----became----become
D. 原形,过去式, 和 过去分词完全不同
1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式,改成u变成过去分词.
begin ---- began -----begun drink---drank----drunkring----rang-----rung
swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung  
2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式,在原形词尾加n变成过去分词.
blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown know---knew---known
throw ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/ ----flown( 和以上相似)
3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾,故把它们分为一类.
a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式,在词尾加n变成过去分词.
drive----drove----driven rise---rose---risen write---wrote---written(双写t )
ride----rode----ridden(双写d )
b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词.
speak----spoke----spokensteal----stole----stolen break----broke----broken
c ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n变成过去分词.
wake----woke----woken   freeze----froze----frozen
choose----chose----chosen  forget----forgot----forgotten(双写t,加en )
d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词
eat----ate----eatenbeat---- beat ---- beatenfall----fell----fallen
give----gave----given see----saw----seentake----took----taken
mistake---- mistook----- mistaken hide----hid----hidden (双写d )
E. 没有过去分词的动词
can ----- could -may---- might -shall---- should- will ---- would -
其它
am, is ---- was----- beenare-----were----- been   do-----did----- done
draw-----drew----- drawn/ :/  go-----went----- goneshow----showed----shown
wear--- wore ---- worn
不规则动词的过去式
不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点,也是一个难点.同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律,总结如下:
1. 把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式.过去分词不变.如:
become—became, come—came
2.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式.如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam ,sink—sank,
3.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式.如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,shine—shone,win—won,write—wrote
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式.如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式.如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
6. 动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式.如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
7.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式.如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
8.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式.如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
9.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式.如:
sell—sold,tell—told
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是[ :t]的过去式.如:
bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为[ud]的情态动词过去式.如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变.如:
hear[hi ]—heard[h :d], say[sei]—said[sed],
mean[mi:n]—meant[ment], dream—dreamt [dremt]
13.动词的过去式与动词原形一样.如:
cut—cut, hit—hit, hurt—hurt, let—let,must—must,
put—put,read—read[red],set—set
14. 动词的过去式有两种形式.如:
dream—dreamed/ dreamtlearn—learnt/ learnedshine—shone/ shined
smell—smelt/ smelled wake—woke/ waked
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式.如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,
feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hide—hid,
hold—held,lay—laid,leave—left,lie—lay,lose—lost,make—made,may—
might,run—ran,see—saw, smell—smelt,take—took,wake—woke,
wear—wore
望楼主采纳,谢谢!