请问:分词做方式状语和伴随状语的区别请问:分词做方式状语和伴随状语有什么区别?方式和伴随状语经常是放在一起讲的,但两者如何区分呢?请在讲解中附上例句.

问题描述:

请问:分词做方式状语和伴随状语的区别
请问:分词做方式状语和伴随状语有什么区别?
方式和伴随状语经常是放在一起讲的,但两者如何区分呢?
请在讲解中附上例句.

其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种,伴随是一种方式.大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句.只有在just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体
分词短语作伴随状语
伴随状语的特点是:它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的.例如:
①He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.
他坐在扶手椅里读报.
②All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.
他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题.
方式状语从句通常由as,(just) as…so…,as if,as though引导.
1) as,(just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体,例如:
1.Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人.
2.As water is to fish,so air is to man.
我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水.
3.Just as we sweep our rooms,so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西.
2) as if,as though
两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大.汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的",例如:
1.They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的.(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气.)
2.He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的.(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气.)
3.It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来.(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气.)
说明:as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如:
1.He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的.
2.He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的.
3.The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒.
1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别.
现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别.
1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系.
He went out shutting the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上.
Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙.
2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系.
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好.
Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服.
(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的.
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划.(伴随)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划.(目的)
2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件.动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因.
Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间.(原因)
Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西.(时间)
Reading carefully,you'll learn something new.只要你仔细阅读,你会学到一些新的东西.(条件)
His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活.(结果)
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架.(结果)
We are glad to hear the news.我们很高兴听到这消息.(原因)
(3)下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的:
a:not/never too…to,too…not to ,but/only too… to,too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义
b:做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:find,hear,see,be told,form,give,make,produce 等.
c:不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用for引导主语
现在分词做伴随状语时,这个分词的动作发出者就是主句中的主语
例如,Coming into the room,I saw a girl crying.
过去分做伴随状语时,这个分词的动作地承受者就是主句中的主语
例如,Broadcas by radio,this news is no longer a secret.(broadcast这个词的过去式,过去分词,和原形一样)